Revision

Question 1

What were the causes of WW1

Answer 1

There were many events and causes that led to the beginning of the First World War. Firstly there was the arms race that was taking place with Britain and Germany. Britain was known for their impressive navy. When the Germans began to develop their navy this concerned the British and there was then a contest to see which country would have the best army and navy. Also the beginning of the alliance system. The three countries to be allies under the triple entonte were Britain, France and Russia. To form the other ally system in the triple alliance was Germany, Italy and Austro- Hungary. Also these separate allies were beginning to form war plans, the Germans had the Schlieffen Plan and the French had Plan 17.

Question 2

Explain the roles of Australians at war

Answer 2

There were many events and causes that led to the beginning of the First World War. Firstly there was the arms race that was taking place with Britain and Germany. Britain was known for their impressive navy. When the Germans began to develop their navy this concerned the British and there was then a contest to see which country would have the best army and navy. Also the beginning of the alliance system. The three countries to be allies under the triple entonte were Britain, France and Russia. To form the other ally system in the triple alliance was Germany, Italy and Austro- Hungary. Also these separate allies were beginning to form war plans, the Germans had the Schlieffen Plan and the French had Plan 17.

Question 3

When did Britain and Germany declare war on each other

Answer 3

4th August 1914

Question 4

When did Australia go into action at

Gallipoli

Answer 4

25th April 1915

Question 5

When was the last Australia evacuated from

Gallipoli

Answer 5

19th December 1915

Question 6

When did Australian’s fight on the Western Front and in Africa

Answer 6

1916- 1918

Question 7

When was the first conscription referendum lost.

Answer 7

28th October 1916

Question 8

When was the second conscription referendum lost

Answer 8

20th December 1917

Question 9

When did the war end with the armistice

Answer 9

11th November 1918

Question 10

Dates for the Gallipoli campaign

Answer 10

25th April 1915- 19th December 1915

Question 11

Fromelles and Pozieres on the Western Front

Answer 11

1916

Question 12

Bullecourt

Answer 12

1917

Question 13

3rd Battle Ypres/ Passchendaele

Answer 13

1917

Question 14

Villiers- Bretonneau

Answer 14

1918

Question 15

What was happening at the Home front

Answer 15

At the home front many things were changing and happening. Firstly the government tightened their controls on the law and put forth a new law called the War Precautions Act of 1914 which restricted people’s right to freedom of speech, freedom of the press and freedom of association. Secondly, propaganda. The government hired artists to make propaganda to support the war effort. A well-known artist from this is Norman Lindsay. Propaganda was also made to go against the war effort. Women and children were a huge part in the war effort, they were involved in raffles and organisations to help the soldiers and returned soldiers. The conscription debate was huge at this time, the first referendum in 1916 was narrowly voted no and the second in 1917 was also voted no but by a lot more than the first.

Question 16

Define war of attrition

Answer 16

a war of attrition is that the country with the last man standing wins the war. Basically this technique lead to a lot of stalemate because the purpose was to wear the other side down; make them lose lots of men and keep going until you win. This war of attrition was seen as the main tactic of both sides in WW1.

Question 17

Define Stalemate

Answer 17

stalemate is when both sides are not making any advantages or disadvantages, either are making any progress or losing any ground. Stalemate was seen in the trenches on the Western Front.

Question 18

Define conscription

Answer 18

conscription is when a person is forced to enlist in the army. Conscription was tried to be made legal in WW1 but in two referendums it was voted no.

Question 19

Define no man’s land

Answer 19

no man’s land is the mere metres separating the two enemy trenches.

Question 20

Define blockade

Answer 20

an act or means of sealing off a place to prevent people from entering or leaving.

Question 21

Define referendum

Answer 21

a general question or idea that an entire nation votes. Australia had two referendums in WW1 about conscription.

Question 22

Define ultimatum

Answer 22

a final demand or statement of terms, the rejection of which will result in retaliation or breakdown in relations

Question 23

Define mobilisation

Answer 23

to assemble or marshal armed forces into readiness for active service.

Question 24

Define enlist

Answer 24

to sign on or enrol in the armed forces.

Question 25

Define assassination

Answer 25

the organised or planned murder of a person. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the man who was assassinated to kick off the beginning of WW1.

Question 26

Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Answer 26

his assassination was the catalyst for the beginning of WW1. As a young Austro- Hungarian Monarch he was assassinated along with his wife by a Serbian Nationalist who wanted to have a separate Serbia and not be under control.

Question 27

Who was Gavrilo Princip

Answer 27

the man who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Was a part of the terrorist group called the ‘Black Hand’ was a Serbian Nationalist who wanted to be independent from the Austro- Hungarian rule.

Question 28

Who was Winston Churchill

Answer 28

was in parliament at the time of WW1 and was a leader in the army. Was responsible for the Gallipoli campaign and its failure.

Question 29

Who was Andrew Fisher

Answer 29

was the prime minister of Australia at the beginning of WW1. Promised the British that we would support them to our last man and our last shilling.

Question 30

Who was Kaiser Wilhelm 11

Answer 30

was the German Emperor at the time of WW1. Also was the very last German emperor.

Question 31

Who was John Simpson

Answer 31

was an Australian stretcher bearer in the war. Commonly known from the name Simpson and his donkey.

Question 32

Who was Sir Ian Hamilton

Answer 32

was a general in the British navy and very well known for his excellent commanding during the Gallipoli campaign.

Question 33

Who was William Morris Hughes

Answer 33

was prime minister of Australia from 1915 to 1923. Tried to make conscription a law twice but both times in a national referendum was voted no.

Question 34

Who was Daniel Mannix

Answer 34

a bishop who was part of the Catholic Church. Also was an Australian born Irish person who was very anti- war and was against WW1.

Question 35

Paragraph on the Gallipoli campaign

Answer 35

The Gallipoli campaign was the first mission for the ANZACs. The aims of Gallipoli was for the allies to occupy the narrow strip of water near Turkey. Then they could advance and take over Constantinople, then they could supply their allies in Russia with much needed supplies. The landing of the troops in Gallipoli was bloody because the Turks could see them from 5km out in the see. The enemy set up on the top of the cliffs and fired immediately when the boats got in firing distance. Somehow the ANZACs managed to run up the cliffs and hop into the trenches and kill some of the enemy. The ANZACs managed to set up camp on the beach and all over the cliff. The conditions in Gallipoli were awful because there was a lack of sanitation and there were dead bodies everywhere. This attracted the flies and the diggers couldn’t eat a single thing with flies flying into their mouths. The battles in Gallipoli were very much a part of the war of attrition, the aim was to send the soldiers over the trenches to be food for the guns. Hence the name; cannon fodder. The withdrawal of the troops took a few days and the last of the troops were evacuated by the 20th December 1915. In fact the withdrawal was the most successful part of the campaign for the ANZACs. The results of Gallipoli were that it was basically a failure because the ANZACs had to retreat, but in the morality sense, the campaign developed a sense of nationality for the Australians that is deeply cherished to this day.

Question 36

Main paragraph

What was the conscription debate and how did it divide Australia

Answer 36

V\After the initial mass enlisting at the beginning of the war the numbers of men who wanted to enlist dropped significantly. The Australian government at the time promised Britain thousands of men a month. Conscription is being forced to enlist in the army. The prime minister from 1915 to 1923 was Billy Hughes, he was the man who started the conscription debate. Billy Hughes was a part of the Labor party and when he started with the idea of conscription the rest of his party was very much against it. Still in 1916 the first referendum was put to the Australian public about conscription. Everyone voted and the majority narrowly voted no the conscription, but it was very close. Then again in 1917 a second referendum was given to the public to vote on about conscription, again it was voted no but this time it was a more definitive no and it wasn’t very close. This whole debate about conscription really divided Australia. On one hand you had those that supported the idea. People like Billy Hughes, his Nationalist party and every other political party apart from Labor. Major papers like The Ages and The Bulletin, Protestant churches and also some returned soldiers. On the other hand you had those who were very much against conscription, you had people in the Trade Unions, Labor party, most working class people, the Catholic Church and the Women’s Peace Army also some retuned soldiers. The conscription debate divided those in Australia who thought that it was a young man’s duty to enlist and those who thought that conscription would take away the democracy that Australia was known for.