Revision 2020 Flashcards
1
Q
A
Ovarian Dermoid
2
Q
A
Hematometrocolpus
3
Q
@#
A
Midgut volvolus - corkscrew
4
Q
@# name of the sign?
A
Twist sign or whirl pool sign
5
Q
@#
A
Intussusception; copra head appearance.
6
Q
A
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
7
Q
A
Intussusception; target sign and pseudo kidney sign.
8
Q
A
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
9
Q
@#
A
Mixed type: epithelia and mesenchymal; this type shows calcifications
The other type is epithelial.
10
Q
A
Hepatoblastoma
11
Q
@#
A
Neuroblastoma
12
Q
A
Right para duodenal hernia
13
Q
@#
A
Left para duodenal hernia
14
Q
@#
A
Midgut volvulus: Duodenal obstruction, sometimes double bubble sign,
with corkscrew appearance in digital films, US and CT
15
Q
@#
A
Invertogram shows imperforate anus
High type is more 2cm
Low type is less 2 cm
16
Q
A
Jujenal atresia: triple bubble sign
17
Q
@#
A
Hirschsprung disease; spastic aganglionic segment with proximal dilatation.
18
Q
A
Type A or Type B; the two types with gasless abdomen.
19
Q
A
Esophageal atresia with tracheo esophageal fistula; dilated esophageal pouch
20
Q
A
Duodenal atresia
21
Q
A
Duodenal atresia: Double bubble sign with polyhydramnious
The two bubbles are communicating
22
Q
A
Duodenal atresia: Double bubble sign with absent other distal bowel loops
23
Q
A
Autosplenectomy; DD sickle cell disease or septicemia
24
Q
A
Splenic infarction
25
@#
Splenic lymphoma
26
@#
Spleno-pancreatic fusion
27
Splenic cleft
28
Splenic fetal lobulations
29
Wandering spleen; due to splenic ligamentous laxity. Kinking of the spleen making it liable to infarctions.
30
@#
Gall bladder adenomyomatosis
31
@#
Gangrenous cholecystitis; membrane inside the lumen
32
@#
Mercedes Benz sign; when cholesterol stones forming nitrogen gas fissuring through the stone.
33
Multi septated gall bladder; liable to recurrent cholecystitis and stones formation.
34
Gall bladder duplication DD bilobed gall bladder
35
Sigmoid gall bladder
36
Gall bladder fold
37
Phrygian cap
38
@#
Double barrel sign
Monkey puzzle sign
39
Gall bladder perforation
40
Gall bladder wall gas; emphysematous cholecystitis.
41
@#
Gall stone ileus
42
Lateral view; if anterior so it gall bladder stones - if superimposed on the spine so it is renal stones.
43
Porcelain gall bladder
44
@#
Cystic duct obstruction; when u see this configuration on US basis it means distal duct obstruction.
45
Accurate; normally 3 mm in adults and 1 mm in neonates.
46
Cystic Duct
47
Food in the stomach means contraction for evacuation of the bile.
48
Not accurate; this is the free surface related to duodenum and colon; but the accurate measurement must be done in the surface related to the liver
49
Typical in the fundus which supplied by end on arteries.
50
@#
Cantlie's line; from the gall bladder to the left border of IVC and separates the liver into right lobe and left lobe.
51
@#
Extra medullary hematopoiesis
52
@#
Retroperitoneal fibrosis; not displacing aorta and IVC anteriorly.
53
@#
Pelvic lipomatosis
54
@#
6% from liomyosarcoma is arising from IVC
55
@#
Liposarcoma; the most common
56
Crohn's disease: cobble stone appearance and may shows also string sign
57
@#
Tuberculous mesenteric lymphadenitis;
DD: lymphoma: no necrosis no calcifications no significant enhancement
HIV: homogenous enhancement
58
@#
Tuberculous lymphadenitis; characteristic to be mesenteric and peri pancreatic with central areas of caseous necrosis + calcifications
59
@#
Gastric lymphoma
The most common site of extra nodal lymphoma
60
@#
Gastric GISTS
61
@#
Gastric cancer
62
Gastric lipoma
63
@#
Biliary atresia
Q: Other radiological technique
HIDA scan
64
@#
Pancreatic neuroendocrinal tumor
65
@#
Serous, microcysts, scar, old ages
66
@#
Mucinous; large, macrocysts, calcifications, middle ages
67
@#
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Q: signs of irresectability
68
@#
Pancreatic divisum
Abnormal fusion of the pancreatic ducts
The ventral one opens in CBD and the dorsal duct opens in duodenum
69
@#
Diffuse abdominal hydatidosis
70
Chronic pancreatitis
71
@#
Hepatic adenoma
72
@#
Cholangiocarcinoma
Q: Causes of retracted liver capsule
Cholangiocarcinoma- Scirrhous metastasis- focal atrophy due to biliary or portal obstruction.
73
@#
FNH; T2 hyper intense
But fibrolamellar HCC is T2 hypo intense
74
@#
FNH; central scar shows internal vascularity and delayed enhancement.
Q: Pathology of FNH
Hyperplasic response to increased blood flow in arterivehous malformations.
75
DD: Cirrhosis- chronic hepatitis
Increased liver echogenicity and decreased definition of portal vein branches + coarse hepatic parenchyma.
76
@#
Portal vein branches have echogenic walls.
77
@#
Bowel wall thickening and submucosal edema
Venous ischemia, inflammatory bowel, infectious colitis
78
@#
Neutropenic colitis; typhilitis
79
@#
Pseudomembranous colitis; accordion sign
80
@#
Ischemic colitis; thumb printing sign
81
Crohn's disease; cobble stone appearance.
82
@#
Fat halo sign
83
@#
Water halo sign or target sign; reflecting venous ischemia or inflammatory bowel process
84
@#
Toxic megacolon; dilated transverse colon > 5.5 cm
85
@#
Familial adenomatous polyposis
100 polyps needed for diagnosis
Treatment: colectomy because all patients will develop colonic carcinoma
86
@#
Colonic carcinoma
87
@#
Colonic polyp; bowler hat sign.
88
@#
A meniscus sign; when barium forms around the base of the polyp and this is viewed en face, there is a ring shadow with a sharp inner ring due to the soft tissue-barium interface and a fuzzy outer ring due to fading of the barium peripherally.
89
Gastric lymphoma
90
@#
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
Q: What is the common location of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
Left hepatic lobe Q: Why? delayed biliary drainage.
91
@#
Central dot sign; Caroli disease
The central dot refers to portal vein surrounded by dilated bile duct
92
@#
Omental infarction
93
@#
Epiploic appendagitis
