Revision 2020 Flashcards
Ovarian Dermoid
Hematometrocolpus
@#
Midgut volvolus - corkscrew
Twist sign or whirl pool sign
Intussusception; copra head appearance.
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Intussusception; target sign and pseudo kidney sign.
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
@#
Mixed type: epithelia and mesenchymal; this type shows calcifications
The other type is epithelial.
Hepatoblastoma
@#
Neuroblastoma
Right para duodenal hernia
@#
Left para duodenal hernia
@#
Midgut volvulus: Duodenal obstruction, sometimes double bubble sign,
with corkscrew appearance in digital films, US and CT
@#
Invertogram shows imperforate anus
High type is more 2cm
Low type is less 2 cm
Jujenal atresia: triple bubble sign
@#
Hirschsprung disease; spastic aganglionic segment with proximal dilatation.
Type A or Type B; the two types with gasless abdomen.
Esophageal atresia with tracheo esophageal fistula; dilated esophageal pouch
Duodenal atresia
Duodenal atresia: Double bubble sign with polyhydramnious
The two bubbles are communicating
Duodenal atresia: Double bubble sign with absent other distal bowel loops
Autosplenectomy; DD sickle cell disease or septicemia
Splenic infarction
@#
Splenic lymphoma
@#
Spleno-pancreatic fusion
Splenic cleft
Splenic fetal lobulations
Wandering spleen; due to splenic ligamentous laxity. Kinking of the spleen making it liable to infarctions.
Gall bladder adenomyomatosis
@#
Gangrenous cholecystitis; membrane inside the lumen
@#
Mercedes Benz sign; when cholesterol stones forming nitrogen gas fissuring through the stone.
Multi septated gall bladder; liable to recurrent cholecystitis and stones formation.
Gall bladder duplication DD bilobed gall bladder
Sigmoid gall bladder
Gall bladder fold
Phrygian cap
@#
Double barrel sign
Monkey puzzle sign
Gall bladder perforation
Gall bladder wall gas; emphysematous cholecystitis.
@#
Gall stone ileus
Lateral view; if anterior so it gall bladder stones - if superimposed on the spine so it is renal stones.
Porcelain gall bladder
@#
Cystic duct obstruction; when u see this configuration on US basis it means distal duct obstruction.
Accurate; normally 3 mm in adults and 1 mm in neonates.
Cystic Duct
Food in the stomach means contraction for evacuation of the bile.
Not accurate; this is the free surface related to duodenum and colon; but the accurate measurement must be done in the surface related to the liver
Typical in the fundus which supplied by end on arteries.
@#
Cantlie’s line; from the gall bladder to the left border of IVC and separates the liver into right lobe and left lobe.
@#
Extra medullary hematopoiesis
@#
Retroperitoneal fibrosis; not displacing aorta and IVC anteriorly.
@#
Pelvic lipomatosis
@#
6% from liomyosarcoma is arising from IVC
@#
Liposarcoma; the most common
Crohn’s disease: cobble stone appearance and may shows also string sign
@#
Tuberculous mesenteric lymphadenitis;
DD: lymphoma: no necrosis no calcifications no significant enhancement
HIV: homogenous enhancement
@#
Tuberculous lymphadenitis; characteristic to be mesenteric and peri pancreatic with central areas of caseous necrosis + calcifications
@#
Gastric lymphoma
The most common site of extra nodal lymphoma
@#
Gastric GISTS
@#
Gastric cancer
Gastric lipoma
@#
Biliary atresia
Q: Other radiological technique
HIDA scan
@#
Pancreatic neuroendocrinal tumor
@#
Serous, microcysts, scar, old ages
@#
Mucinous; large, macrocysts, calcifications, middle ages
@#
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Q: signs of irresectability
@#
Pancreatic divisum
Abnormal fusion of the pancreatic ducts
The ventral one opens in CBD and the dorsal duct opens in duodenum
@#
Diffuse abdominal hydatosis
Chronic pancreatitis
@#
Hepatic adenoma
@#
Cholangiocarcinoma
Q: Causes of retracted liver capsule
Cholangiocarcinoma- Scirrhous metastasis- focal atrophy due to biliary or portal obstruction.
@#
FNH; T2 hyper intense
But fibrolamellar HCC is T2 hypo intense
@#
FNH; central scar shows internal vascularity and delayed enhancement.
Q: Pathology of FNH
Hyperplasic response to increased blood flow in arterivehous malformations.
DD: Cirrhosis- chronic hepatitis
Increased liver echogenicity and decreased definition of portal vein branches + coarse hepatic parenchyma.
@#
Portal vein branches have echogenic walls.
@#
Bowel wall thickening and submucosal edema
Venous ischemia, inflammatory bowel, infectious colitis
@#
Neutropenic colitis; typhilitis
@#
Pseudomembranous colitis; accordion sign
@#
Ischemic colitis; thumb printing sign
Crohn’s disease; cobble stone appearance.
@#
Fat halo sign
@#
Water halo sign or target sign; reflecting venous ischemia or inflammatory bowel process
@#
Toxic megacolon; dilated transverse colon > 5.5 cm
@#
Familial adenomatous polyposis
100 polyps needed for diagnosis
Treatment: colectomy because all patients will develop colonic carcinoma
@#
Colonic carcinoma
@#
Colonic polyp; bowler hat sign.
@#
A meniscus sign; when barium forms around the base of the polyp and this is viewed en face, there is a ring shadow with a sharp inner ring due to the soft tissue-barium interface and a fuzzy outer ring due to fading of the barium peripherally.
Gastric lymphoma
@#
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
Q: What is the common location of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
Left hepatic lobe Q: Why? delayed biliary drainage.
@#
Central dot sign; Caroli disease
The central dot refers to portal vein surrounded by dilated bile duct
@#
Omental infarction
@#
Epiploic appendigitis
