Revision Flashcards
What is one economic argument for maintaining biodiversity?
Medical and pharmaceutical use.
What is a communal product that benefits from biodiversity?
Tourism.
How does biodiversity contribute to agriculture?
It supports diverse crops and livestock.
What role does biodiversity play in saving local forest commons?
It helps maintain ecosystem balance and resources.
Three domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Bacteria
Single-celled prokaryotes
No membrane bond organelles
Endoplasmic recticulum
Small ribosomes (70s)
Cell wall made from murein
Circular DNA not associated with histones
Archaea : single- celled prokaryotes . Archaea resembles bacteria however
Gene and protein synthesis mechanisms more similar to eukaryotes
Fatty acids and glycerol molecules are joined by ether bond and not ester bonds
No murin cell wall
More complex RNA polymerase
Eukarya is divided into four kingdoms
Protista
Fungi
Animalia
Plantae
Give two ways in which the courtship increases the probability of successful mating
Attracts organisms of same species
In opposite sex
Shows sexual maturity
Release gamates
From pair bond
Modern calcification methods
The base sequence of DNA
The base sequence of mRNA
the amino acid sequence of protein encoded by DNA and mRNA
It can be difficult to observe the reproductive behaviour if
They are extinct
They reproduce asexually
Practical and are ethical issues
Classification
Describe how the comparison of biological molecules in the two species could be used to find out if they are closely related
Compare the DNA
sequence of nucleotides/ base
Sequence of amino acid and primary structure
monoclonal antibody
antibodies with the same tertiary structure.
( antibodies produced from cloned B cells)
Give one example of using monoclonal antibodies in a medical treatment.
Targets/binds/carries drug/medicine to specific cells/antigens/receptors
OR
Block antigens/receptors on cells;
Explain how the treatment with antivenom works and why it is essential to
use passive immunity, rather than active immunity
(Antivenom/Passive immunity) antibodies bind to the
toxin/venom/antigen and (causes) its destruction;
Active immunity would be too slow/slower
Suggest and explain why AZT does not destroy HIV in the body but stops
or slows the development of AIDS
Person (infected with HIV) has HIV DNA (in their DNA);
2. New HIV (particles) still made;
3. (AZT) inhibits reverse transcriptase;
4. (AZT) stops these (new HIV particles) from forming new HIV
DNA;
OR
Slows / stops replication of HIV;
5. Stops destruction of more / newly infected T cells;
6. So immune system continues to work (and AIDS does not
develop);
The student wanted to use the data from plot 1 to estimate the total
number of the beetle species in the meadow.
Suggest how the student should use the data from plot 1 and other
information provided to estimate the total number of the beetle species in
the meadow.
Determine the area of plot 1.
2. Calculate (total) area of meadow;
3. Divide area of meadow by area of plot;
4. Multiply by number of beetles (per plot)/41;
the student did not draw the line of best fit . why
Not possible to predict intermediate values;
- Only one result for each time period / not mean values;
student did not carry out repeats and still carry out statistical test. how
carried out paired data
