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MB4030 > REVISION > Flashcards

REVISION Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line of defence against pathogens?

A

Outer barriers e.g. Epithelial Layer (skin)

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2
Q

Where do secondary lymphoid tissues reside?

A

lining the mucosa and throughout the body

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3
Q

Through what do immune cells migrate?

A

Lymphatic system

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4
Q

What is the mucosa known as in infection?

A

Primary site of infection

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5
Q

Function of the outer mucosal layer?

A

Trap microbes - slow things down

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6
Q

How does the inner mucosal layer function?

A

It is full of AMPS which bind any microbes that enter through the mucosal layer

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7
Q

Where do AMPS reside?

A

Inner mucosal layer

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8
Q

What is the epithelial function of mucins?

A

Protect epithelial cells from stress induced damage

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9
Q

Bacterial function of mucins?

A

Prevent biofilm formation

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10
Q

MUC2 - where? membrane bound or secreted gel forming?

A

Intestine - Secreted gel forming

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11
Q

MUC3 - membrane bound or secreted gel forming?

A

Membrane bound - forms the glycocalyx

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12
Q

MUC6 - where? why?

A

Colon - there is a higher microbial load here so mucus is thicker

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13
Q

Where are AMPS derived from

A

Epithelial

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14
Q

Function of defensins?

A

Kill bacteria or inhibit growth

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15
Q

Where are ALPHA defensins found?

A

Neutrophils, macrophages and Paneth cells of intestine

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16
Q

Where are beta defensins expressed?

A

On epithelial surfaces

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17
Q

Role of complement 3?

A

Amplification and opsonization - C3A recruits immune cells by inflammation and C3B cells attack to the microbe (opsonisation)

18
Q

What is the membrane attack complex?

A

a combination of proteins formed on the surface of pathogen cell membranes as a result of the activation of the complement system

19
Q

c5 function?

A

Forms the MAC

20
Q

Function of MAC?

A

Forms a pore on the cell membrane which causes calcium ion influx and ultimately cell death

21
Q

What initiates the classical complement pathway?

A

An antibody bound microbe

22
Q

What initiates the alternative complement pathway?

A

A free microbe

23
Q

What initiates the lectin pathway?

A

Binding of PAMPS onto PRR

24
Q

List the 3 types of PRRs

A

TLR, RLR, CDS

25
Q

TLR2 - positive or negative?

A

a membrane bound TLR that responds to gram positive bacterial cell wall components e.g. PEPTIDOGLYCAN and LIPOPEPTIDES- to provoke an immune response

26
Q

TLR 4 - positive or negative?

A

a central role in the control of bacterial infections through the recognition of LPS molecules from GRAM-NEGATIVE

27
Q

Function of the Peyers Patch?

A

Samples everything in the mucosa - same function as the tonsils - bacteria and viruses may replicate in either organ causing inflammation

28
Q

What happens in the germinal centre of the lymph nodes?

A

Macrophages and dendritic cells migrate here and there is already lots of B and T cells that will mature here - develop into long life immunity

29
Q

What transports immune cells?

A

Lymphatic vessels

30
Q

What response is seen as an anti-allergy response?

A

TH2 - the induce an inflammatory response and recruit eosinophils to the site

31
Q

What cells do eosinophils activate?

A

Mast cells and basophils

32
Q

Where are T cells educated?

A

Thymus

33
Q

Do natural killer cells require education?

A

No

34
Q

What is a NKT mechanism of action?

A

Release of perforin and granzyme onto target cell causing cell death

35
Q

What is the difference between M1 and M2 macrophages?

A

M1 macrophages are mainly involved in pro-inflammatory responses and M2 macrophages are mainly involved in anti-inflammatory responses

36
Q

What cell types are APCs?

A

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells

37
Q

What is a dendritic cells main function?

A

The activation of T cells to produce specific antibodies

38
Q

What differentiates Natural Killer cells from Cytotoxic CD8 cells?

A

CD8 cells require education and activation

39
Q

What does T cell education mean?

A

All self antigens are presented in the thymus which means T cells can differentiate self from foreign microbes

40
Q

What stage of life displays the highest level of T cell education?

A

Puberty

MB4030 (1 decks)

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