Revision Flashcards
Acid soluble //, weight ,eg
Acid insoluble same
Average composition of living cell
Filtrate / micro molecule , 18-800 dalton, amino acid , simple sugar , nucleotide
Retentate / macro molecule , more than 10000 dalton ,eg protein , polysaccharides, nucleic acid ( except lipid ( molecular mass does not exceed more than 800 dalton )
Water 70-90%, protein 10-15%, nucleic acid 5-7%, carbo 3%, lipid 2%, ions 1%
Primary metabolites’, eg
Secondary metabolites’
Directly involve in metabolic process, amino acid simple sugar, heam chlorophyll
Pigments. Carotenoids, Anthoncyanin
Alkaloids = morphine, codeine
Drugs = curcumin, vinblastine
Toxins = ricin , abrin
Lectins = concanvillin A
Essential oil = lemon grass oil
Terpenoids = monoterpens ,diterpens
Polymeric substance = rubber gum cellulose
Sec meta others
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides types eg
Spices, scent , flaveroids , antibiotics
Hydrates of carbon / polyhydroxy aldehyde / ketone on hydrolysis
Trioses eg glyceraldehyde , dihydroxyacetone
Tetroses eg erythrose
Pentose eg ribose present in rna , atp , ADP , amp
Deoxyribose
Glucose
Fructose
Glu , gala are , glu ,manno are
Anomer
Heptoses
Polyhydroxy aldehyde, grape sugar,cane sugar, blood sugar , dextrose
Polyhydroxy ketone. Naturally occring sweetest sugar m fruit sugars, lavulose
C4 epimer , c2 epimer
Alpha and beta (1c)
Pseudoheptotose
Derived monosacc sugar , deoxy sugar
Amino sugar
Acid sugar
Sugar alcohol
Trisaccharide
Tetra
Deoxy ribose
Glucosamine , galactosomine
Glucoronic acid , galacturonic acid , arcarbic acid
Glycerol, mannitol
Raffinose = glu+galac +fructose
Stachyose = glu+2galac +fructose
Disaccharide () ( re/non) made up , linkage
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
Test for monosaccharides
(Malt sugar ) (reducing), alpha glucose + alpha glucose ( alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkage
(Milk sugar ) (reducing ) beta glucose + beta galactose ( beta 1-4
(Cane sugar)(non reducing) alpha glucose + beta fructose, 1 alpha - 2 beta
Fehling reagent, benedict reagent
cu2+ cupric ( blue 💙 to cu+ cuprous brick red colour ❤️
Polysaccharides are of which type of, reducing/non , all poly are
Homo storage
Structural
Hetero
Macromolecule/ aid insoluble, right =reducing , left =non, non reducing sugar
Starch , glycogen , Inulin
Cellulose , chitin
Peptidoglycan , agar , hyaluronic acid
Starch / ,polymer, plants what , I2
Made up of
Branched / un , ___ unit , linkage
A.
B
Chitin most , polymer , found in
Linkage
Amylum , glucose , storage food material , blue colour
Amylose / amylopectin
Amylose = unbranched, 200-1000 alpha glucose , alpha 1,4 glycosidic
Amylopectin = branched, 2000-2,00,000 alpha glucose , alpha 1,4 , 1,6 ,glycosidic
2nd abundant, N-acetyl -D - glucosamine , exoskeleton of arthropods and fungi (
Beta 1,4
Glycogen , polymer , in animal what (), I2
Unit , linkage
Inulin obtained in , polymer , used
Cellulose, most , polymer of , branch/un,
Unit , linkage
Of glucose , storagefood ( muscles) , red colour ,
35000 alpha , alpha (1,4), alpha 1,6 glycosidic
Root and tubers of dahilia plants,fructose , renal functional test
Abundant organic molecule, beta glucose, unbranched
6000 beta glucose unit , beta 1,4
Amino acid / , has
R= ch3 , R= h , R= ch2oh
Types of amino acids neutral
Acidic
Basic
Aromatic
Substituted methane , amino group,carbonyl , hydrogen , alkayl attached to alpha C
Alanine , glycine , serine
Valine , alanine , glycine , leucine , isoleucine
Glutamic acid , aspartic acid
Lysine , arginine
Tyrosine , phenylalanine, tryptophan
Alcoholic Aa
Sulphur containing
Heterocyclic
Protein polymer of , homo / hetero and micro/macro
Serine , threonine
Cysteine , methionine
Proline , hydroxy proline , histidine
Amino acid , hetero , macro
Essential amino acids
P phenylalanine
V valine
T threonine
T tryptophan
I isoleucine
M methionine
H histidine
A arginine
L leucine
L lysine
Types of protein basis ?, are
Primary structure first terminal is , last is , also is / branch/un
Represents , bond
Secondary structure formation
Types
Of polypeptide chain = monomeric = only 1 polypeptide, oligomeric = more than 1
N terminal (nh2) , c terminal COOH , linear, unbranched
Location of amino acid , peptide bond
Folding of primary structure of protein
Alpha helix , beta pleated sheet , collagen helix
Sec structure protein
Alpha helix ( meric ) , bonds , ____ coiling
Eg
Beta pleated sheet (meric ) , bonds
Eg
Collagen helix , discovered by , eg
Most abundant protein in animal
In biosphere
Mono , peptide , intra , right handed
Keritin protein present in hair
Oligo , peptide , inter h bond
Silk protein ( fibrin protein ) , beta keratin present in feathers, scale
G.N Ramachandran , collagen protein
Collagen
RUBISCO
Tertiary structure formation , structure like
Most, activity
Bond involve
Eg
Folding of sec structure of protein , hollow woollen ball like
Biologically active , catalytic
Peptide bond , h bond , ionic interaction, disulphide, vander wall
Myoglobin , enzyme
