Revision Flashcards
what does LACKPANTS stand for?
Laissez-faire
Assembly line
Credit
Knowledge
Position (globally)
Advertising
New consumer goods
Tariffs
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Prohibition - what, when, why
Prohibition was the attempt to outlaw the production and consumption of alcohol in the United States. It was a response to pre-existing social issues like domestic violence and child abandonment whose presumed cause was alcohol, It was introduced in 1920-1933. At the time 3,000 infants were smothered by drunk parents every year and religious people claimed that alcohol was the devil.
Prohibition, success or failure?
Prohibition was initially a success but ultimately a failure. Al Capone was one of the most notorious gangster at the time and was a bootlegger, he earned around 60 mil at the time, one among many others who illegally sold alcohol to make money. It was very unpopular Many people believed Prohibition went against the principle of personal liberty, so they ignored and disobeyed the law. There were enforcement agents but there were only around 1,500 and and they were poorly paid and open to bribery. The country had long borders so it was difficult to monitor if any alcohol was being smuggled in.
Who fought for prohibition?
The Anti-Saloon League which was the most successful group to organise politically to put pressure on the government to ban alcohol. As well as Social
campaigners
who worried about the social impact of drunkenness, crime, violence and domestic abuse.
Women in 1920’s America;
Women were still expected to lead a respectful life, family-orientated so when women became flappers there was a social resistance to the growth in female emancipation, such as the anti-flirt league that protested against them. Flappers were independent and fashionable and defied all the restrictions they smoked went out to clubs with men and drank. Jazz and new entertainment swelled because of them. Women gained the vote i 1920 and divorce rate doubled in the 1920’s and they were allowed to wear clothing above the knee. After the war women were needed so wages rose and women gained an increasing sense of independence.
1920’s America - discrimination/minority groups;
Many people emigrated to America because it was a wealthy and free country. Many fled there to escape persecution. The melting point analogy refers to how groups lost there identities and blended with each other until they were simply just American. Native Americans, Western immigrants, Eastern immigrants and African Americans were all discriminated against.
Unrest in Germany after WW1;
Many Germans were irritated by the treaty of Versailles and blamed the government for betraying Germany - including Hitler. Had to pay 6.6 billion, land was taken, army was limited to 100,000 men, navy to 6 battle ships and no submarines and air force was banned. He was a very talented public speaker and wrote a 25 point plan explaining and stating his beliefs. He persuaded members of the party to vote out Drexler and to vote him in, it then became the Nazi’s. He built an army of stormtroopers and started a fight in a beer hall. He was put on trial and sentenced for life, but talked the judge down to 5 years - only serves 9 months. Wrote a book in prison called my struggles.
How and why did Hitler become chancellor?
It took the economic and political instability (with two more chancellors failing to stabilise the situation) to worsen, and the support of the conservative elite, to convince Hindenburg to appoint Hitler. Hitler was sworn in as the chancellor of Germany on the 30 January 1933. The Nazis were now in power. The enabling act allowed Hitler to make laws without consulting the Reichstag and in the night of the long knives SS men broke into the homes of leading figures in the SA and arrested them and executed around 400 of them.
How did Nazis rule Germany - terror?
Hitler uses the SS to inspire fear in the people of Germany using intimidation and violence as a way of scaring people into submission and following the laws
How did Nazis rule Germany - propaganda
The Nazis effectively used propaganda to win the support of millions of Germans. The only radio stations available were pro Nazi and magazines and films were only allowed to show support for the Nazi movement as well as art, music, theatre, books, education materials and the press. The Nazi word was spread.
How did Nazis rule Germany - policies towards women and children?
Hitler introduced Gold, Silver and Bronze medals to women to encourage women to have more children. Birth rate went from 15,000 in 1933 to 20,000 in 1939. The youth women league focused on fitness, beauty and motherhood. Blond hair and blue eyes became incredibly desirable as well. Women were treated well.
Churchill - good leader;
Stood up against Hitler, introduced pensions, negotiated Anglo-Irish treaty, founded job centres and ultimately got us through WW1, he also changed his views on white supremacy as he got older. He also had a part to play in orchestrating Dunkirk saving many soldiers lives.
Churchill - bad leader;
Strongly believed in white supremacy and racism. Was misogynistic and responsible for the Bengal famine. He planned a risky attack on Turkey, at Gallipoli which lasted 8 months and resulted in 160,000 British casualties. He also voted against women getting the vote.
How and why did the Holocaust happen?
antisemitism - hostility, prejudice and discrimination specifically against Jewish people. In 1941, the Nazis’ persecution of the Jews became a genocide . In just under four years, millions of people were deliberately murdered at the hands of the Nazis and their collaborators. This mass murder became known as the Holocaust. 6 million Jews were killed.
