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Biology Unit 1 > REVISION > Flashcards

REVISION Flashcards

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1
Q

What sources of energy do cells use?

A

ATP, Adenosine triphosphate.

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2
Q

What nutrients does a cell require?

A

Sugars, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

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3
Q

Why do cells need to remove wastes like carbon dioxide, oxygen, urea, ammonia, uric acid, water,
ions, metabolic heat?

A

To mitigate disease and deterioration of the cell.

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4
Q

Characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?

A

Has no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, simple structure,scattered ribosomes, plasmids, flagella and pili.

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5
Q

What does it mean to compare?

A

To say similarities, differences and significance.

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6
Q

Characteristics of an eukaryotic cell?

A

Has a nucleus, has membrane-bound organelles, complex structure, DNA in chromosomes, animal and plant cells.

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7
Q

What is the function of the ‘chloroplast’?

A

Responsible for consuming light energy and producing chemical energy through photosynthesis.

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8
Q

What is the function of the ‘mitochondria’?

A

Responsible for cellular respiration, and the conversion of glucose into ATP.

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9
Q

What is the function of the ‘endoplasmic reticulum’?

A

Protein synthesis, and the transport of proteins.

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10
Q

What is the function of ‘plastids’?

A

Responsible for manufacturing and storing foods, contains pigments for photosynthesis.

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11
Q

What is the function of ‘lysosomes’?

A

Responsible for the removal of waste in the cell. Their digestive enzymes break down waste.

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12
Q

What is the fluid mosaic phospholipid bilayer?

A

Is apart of the cell membrane that controls movement between the internal and external environments of a cell.

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13
Q

What is a ‘channel protein’?

A

Allows the transport of specific polar molecules across the cell membrane.

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14
Q

What is a ‘carrier protein’?

A

Binds the specific solutes and transfer them across the lipid bilayer.

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15
Q

What is a ‘phospholipid’?

A

Molecules that have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

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16
Q

What is a ‘glycoprotein’?

A

A protein responsible for cell-cell recognition.

16
Q

Whats is ‘cholesterol’?

A

Cholesterol is a substance used to regulate temperature in the phospholipid bilayer.

16
Q

What is the impact of the increase of surface area on reaction rates?

A

As there is more SA available, there is more area for particles to collide.

17
Q

What is the role of enzymes?

A

Their role is to catalyse chemical reactions, and regulate the rate of reactions.

18
Q

Lock and Key Model.

A

The enzyme has an active site that specifically fits the substrate.

19
Q

Induced Fit Model.

A

The enzyme’s active site alters it shape to fit the substrate.

20
Q

How does surface area influence reaction rate?

A

The more SA available, the more area for particles to collide.

21
Q

How do enzymes influence reaction rate?

A
22
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP

23
Q

What is the unbalanced equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

24
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

An enzyme-controlled series of chemical reaction that catalyse light energy into chemical energy.

25
Q

Inputs and Outputs of Light Dependent:

A

Input: H2O, ADP, Pi, NADP+
Output: NADPH, ATP, Oxygen gas.

26
Q

Inputs and Outputs of Light Independent:

A

Input: Co2, ATP, NADPH
Output: Glucose, ADP, Pi, NADP+

27
Q

What is Light Dependent? Where is it located?

A

The process of light energy converting into ATP and NADH. In thylakoid membrane.

28
Q

What is Light Independent? Where does it occur?

A

THe process of using the stored chemical energy, ATP and NADH to make glucose. In the stroma.

29
Q

What is Aerobic Respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration is the process of converting glucose into energy when there is limited oxygen available.

30
Q

What is Lactic Acid Fermentation?

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation is a metabolic process, for when the cell has no oxygen and converts glucose into lactic acid and ATP.

31
Q

What is Alcohol Fermentation?

A

Alcohol Fermentation is the process of yeasts and bacteria breaking down pyruvic acid to create ethanol alcohol + CO2 + ATP.

32
Q

What is Glycolysis?

A

Glycolysis is the breakdown on glucose to release pyruvic acid. ATP=2

33
Q

What is Kreb’s Cycle?

A

Kreb’s cycle is the breakdown of the pyruvate to create FADH2 and NADH. ATP=2

34
Q

What is the balanced photosynthesis equation?

A

6CO2 + 12H2O -> C6H1206 + 6H20 + 602

Biology Unit 1 (1 decks)

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