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GSCE Physics > REVISION > Flashcards

REVISION Flashcards

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1
Q

unit for radioactivity?

A

becquerels

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2
Q

beta, gamma, alpha practical and how to stop them?

A
  • remove all sources of radiation and place them in lead cases
  • then measure the background radiation with a GM tube
  • the measure the radiation of alpha by using a piece of paper
  • beta by using a thin piece of metal such as aluminium
  • gamma by using a thick piece of concrete
  • measure them using the GM tube and minus the background
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3
Q

is radiation random?

A

yes

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4
Q

what are the risks of radiation and how to dispose of waste?

A
  • encase the waste in glass and bury deep underground
  • risks of radiation are cancer and cell mutations
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5
Q

what is a GM tube used for?

A

to measure radiation

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6
Q

what is fission chain reaction?

A

a slow moving neutron is fired at a large unstable nucleus and the neutron is absorbed by the nucleus making the atom unstable and split, then it forms two daughter nuclei and energy is released, it also splits two or three neutrons which hit other uranium atoms causing a chain reaction

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7
Q

fusion reaction?

A

two light nuclei collide at high speed and join to create a larger heavier nucleus, and it does not have as much mass as the two separate nuclei did as some of it is converted into energy and released

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8
Q

why does fusion only happen at high temperatures and pressures?

A

the positively charged nuclei have to get very close to fuse, so the strong due to the electrostatic repulsion has to be overcome, because of the difficulty of this fusion reactors are really hard and expensive to try and build

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9
Q

what are fuel rods used for?

A

placed in the moderator to slow down the fast moving neutrons

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10
Q

what are control rods used for?

A

are made of boron and limit the rate of fission by absorbing excess neutrons and are placed in between the fuel rods and are raised and lowered into the reactor to control the chain reaction

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11
Q

what is V = IR?

A

voltage = current x resistance

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12
Q

what is the relationship between energy transferred, time and power?

A

power = energy transferred/time

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13
Q

law of reflection

A

angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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14
Q

what type of waves are longitudinal waves?

A

sound waves

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15
Q

flemmings left hand rule

A

thumb -force
finger - field
middle - current

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16
Q

flemmings right hand rule

A

thumb - force
finger - magnetic field
middle - current

17
Q

what will happen to the magnetic field when current flows through the wire?

A

the magnetic field goes in the opposite direction

18
Q

what does directly proportional and proportional look like on a graph?

A
  • straight line through origin
  • straight line
19
Q

what is a store of chemical energy?

A

food, battery

20
Q

what is a store of gravitational energy?

A

boy at top of the slide, rocket in orbit above earth

21
Q

what is energy transferred equal to?

A

work done

22
Q

where does independent variable and dependent variable go on the graph?

A

I = x axis
D = y axis

23
Q

what is a store of kinetic energy?

A

anything moving

24
Q

what is a store of thermal energy?

A

hot water in a kettle, human bodies

25
Q

what is a store of elastic energy?

A

a spring being stretched, a rubber band being pulled

26
Q

what is a store of electrostatic energy?

A

when two like charges repel

27
Q

what is a store of magnetic energy?

A

when a south and north pole are held close together

28
Q

what is a store of nuclear energy?

A

uranium in a nuclear power reactor

29
Q

four transfers of energy

A
  • mechanically
  • electrically
  • by heating
  • by radiation
30
Q

what is the moderator?

A

made of graphite, it slows down the neutrons and increases the rate of fission

31
Q

oscilloscope experiment

A

get the thing and have a microphone attached to it, the microphone converts the sound waves into an electric signal, then the thing converts the electric wave signal into graph on the screen, make a sound with a tuning fork to a pure sound

32
Q

ammeter in circuit info

A
  • measures current and can be put anywhere in the main circuit
  • must be placed in series
  • in series the current is the same everywhere
  • in parallel the current is shared between branches
33
Q

voltage in circuit info

A
  • measures the potential difference across the component
  • it must be place in parallel and is the same across the parallel
  • in series the voltage is shared between all components
34
Q

when does total internal reflection occur?

A

when the incidence angle is larger than the critical angle (in optic fibres the incidence angle is always larger so it will always totally internally reflect allowing the wave to reach the end of the optic fibre)

35
Q

doppler effect

A

waves coming towards and away from you

GSCE Physics (1 decks)

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