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Animal Behaviour > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of ‘animal behaviour’?

A

All of the observable responses an animal gives to a stimulus/stimuli around it

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2
Q

Who developed the 4 questions?

A

Niko Tinbergen

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3
Q

What are the 4 questions?

A

Control, Development, Function and Evolution

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4
Q

What is ethology?

A

Study of behaviour in the natural or near natural environment

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5
Q

Which of the questions are proximate?

A

Control and Development

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6
Q

Which of the questions are ultimate?

A

Function and Evolution

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7
Q

What is an ethogram?

A

List of behavioural definitions

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8
Q

What are the two basic behavioural categories?

A

States and Events

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9
Q

What are behavioural states?

A

Constant and longer bouts of behaviour

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10
Q

What are behavioural events?

A

Short duration behaviours, hard to time

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11
Q

How are behavioural events measured?

A

As a frequency (how many times)

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12
Q

What is inferred by time spent on behaviour?

A

Motivation and behavioural need

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13
Q

What is the time-activity budget?

A

Allows us to compare between animals and why particular behaviours are seen.

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14
Q

What is Scan sampling for

A

Seeing what a large group of animals is doing

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15
Q

What is continuous sampling?

A

Over a specific time period to record accurate time spent on specific behaviour by an individual

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16
Q

What is Event Sampling?

A

Determines frequency or rate of event behaviours

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17
Q

What does an ethogram do?

A

Helps you collect data

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18
Q

Where do you put the ethogram when writing a report?

A

Methods section

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19
Q

What controls a birds migration from one area to another?

A

Weather patterns

20
Q

What to crows use to get food?

A

Tools

21
Q

How do crows learn to use tools?

A

Observation of others and experience

22
Q

What is ‘Natural selection’?

A

Survival of the fittest

23
Q

What is ‘Sexual selection’?

A

A form of natural selection, female choice = male competition

24
Q

What is the arms race?

A

When a particular set of characteristics is happening in the environment that males can compete over

25
Q

What is speciation?

A

Different populations undergo independent divergence maintaining separate identities and evolutionary tendencies

26
Q

What is a species?

A

Corresponds to a discrete group of similar organisms

27
Q

What is the phenotypic species concept?

A

A species is a set of organisms that are sufficiently similar to one another and sufficiently different from members of other species

28
Q

What is a cline?

A

A gradual change in character or allele frequencies

29
Q

What is Bergmann’s Rule?

A

larger species = colder environments vice versa

30
Q

What is the biological species concept?

A

a group of individuals fully fertile, but barred from interbreeding with other groups - reproductively isolated

31
Q

What is one problem with the biological species concept?

A

Hybrids - BSC doesn’t require species to be fully isolated

32
Q

What 2 barriers are there to gene flow?

A

Pre zygotic and post zygotic

33
Q

What pre-zygotic barriers are there?

A
  • Ecological isolation
  • behavioural isolation
  • Post mating prezygotic barriers
34
Q

What post zygotic barriers are there?

A

Hybrid unviability and sterility

35
Q

What are the two types of ecological isolation?

A

Seasonal and habitat

36
Q

What is the conspecific sperm precedence phenomenom?

A

If the female only mates with heterospecific male, he will fertilise the eggs and same with conspecific

37
Q

What is gamete isolation?

A

Gametes of different species fail to unite

38
Q

What is hybrid inviability?

A

Lower survival rates than full species

39
Q

What is hybrid sterility?

A

Survival to maturity but unable to produce viable offspring

40
Q

What is allopatric speciation?

A

When populations of the same species become isolated, form new species

41
Q

What is peripatric speciation?

A

Closey related species in an isolated close (unconnected) area

42
Q

What is parapatric speciation?

A

Narrow contact zone so species form in new area

43
Q

What is sympatric speciation?

A

Evolution of new species in same area due to reproductive isolation

44
Q
A
45
Q
A

Animal Behaviour (1 decks)

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