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Waves > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Progressive wave

A

A wave that transfers energy without transferring material and is made up of particles of a medium (or field) oscillating

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2
Q

Frequency

A

The number of complete oscillations passing through a point per second

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3
Q

Amplitude

A

A waves maximum displacement from the equilibrium position

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4
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between successive peaks/troughs

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5
Q

Phase difference

A

How much a particle/wave lags behind another particle/wave

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6
Q

Phase

A

The position of a certain point on a wave cycle

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7
Q

In phase

A

When two points on a wave oscillate with the same velocity and displacement at the same
time (Phase difference = multiple of 360/2π)

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8
Q

Anti phase

A

When two points on a wave oscillate with equal but opposite velocity and displacement at the same time (Phase difference = multiple of 180/π or odd integer of half cycles)

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9
Q

Period

A

Time taken for one full oscillation

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10
Q

Transverse wave

A

Oscillations of the particles on the wave are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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11
Q

Longitudinal

A

Oscillations of the particles on the wave are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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12
Q

Compression

A

A region of relatively high density and pressure

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13
Q

Rarefaction

A

A region of relatively low density and pressure

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14
Q

Mechanical wave

A

A wave which requires a medium to propagate e.g. sound waves

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15
Q

Electromagnetic wave

A

An electric and magnetic field oscillating in phase with one another and perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer (transverse wave). They do not require a medium to propagate

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16
Q

Path difference

A

The difference in distance travelled by 2 waves from their sources to the point where they meet

17
Q

Polarisation

A

When particle oscillations occur in only one of the directions perpendicular to the direction of wave travel (propagation)

18
Q

Polarised wave

A

Oscillates in one plane (e.g. only up and down)
Only transverse waves can be polarised

19
Q

How does polarisation provide evidence for the nature of transverse waves?

A

Polarisation can only occur if a wave’s oscillations are perpendicular to its direction of travel

20
Q

How can waves be polarised?

A

Through a polariser or polarising filter

21
Q

Polaroid sunglasses - application of poalrisers

A

They reduce glare by blocking partially polarised light reflected from water and tarmac, as they only allow oscillations in the plane of the filter, making it easier to see

22
Q

TV and radio signals - application of polarisers

A

They are usually plane-polarised by the orientation of the rods on the transmitting aerial, so the receiving aerial must be aligned in the same plane of polarisation to receive the signal at full strength

23
Q

Principle of superposition

A

When two or more waves with the same frequency arrive at a point, the resultant displacement is the sum of the displacements of each wave

24
Q

Constructive interference

A

When two waves meet in phase, the resultant amplitude is twice the
individual amplitudes

25
Q

Destructive interference

A

When two waves meet in anti phase, the resultant amplitude is zero

26
Q

Stationary wave

A

Thesuperpositionof two waves of the samefrequency andamplitude travelling inopposite directions
They store energy unlike progressive waves

27
Q

What is a stationary wave made up of?

A

Nodes and anti nodes

28
Q

Node

A

A point of zero displacement

29
Q

Anti node

A

A point of maximum displacement

30
Q

What happens at the nodes?

A

The waves are in anti-phase meaning destructive interference occurs
This causes the two waves to cancel each other out

31
Q

What happens at the anti nodes?

A

The waves are in phase meaning constructive interference occurs
This causes the waves to add together

32
Q

Coherent sources

A

Sources that emit waves with the same frequency and a constant phase difference e.g. lasers

33
Q

Monochromatic light

A

Light of a single wavelength

34
Q

What are harmonics?

A

Certain frequencies where stationary waves are formed

35
Q

What is the first harmonic?

A

The lowest frequency at which a stationary wave forms

36
Q

How are stationary microwaves formed?

A

Formed by reflecting a microwave beam at a metal plate, to find the nodes and anti nodes use a microwave probe

37
Q

How are stationary sound waves formed?

A

Formed by placing a speaker at one end of a closed glass tube, lay powder across the bottom of the tube, it will be shaken at the anti nodes and settle at the nodes. The distance between each node is half a wavelength, and the frequency of
the signal generator to the speaker is known so by c=fλ the speed of sound in air can be found

38
Q
A

Waves (5 decks)

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