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Clinical Psychology > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Greek & Roman period based on?

A

Somatogenesis

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2
Q

What is Somatogenesis?

A

Illness through the body

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3
Q

What did Hippocrates believe?

A

Illness was due to nature not punishment

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4
Q

How was recovery supposed to happen?

A

Natural processes

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5
Q

What other individual was prevalent in the Greek/Roman period?

A

Galen

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6
Q

What else was given some consideration in this time?

A

Psychogenesis

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7
Q

What is Psychogenesis?

A

Psychological aspects to emotional distress

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8
Q

What was the era called that caused medicine to advance?

A

The Enlightenment

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9
Q

Who proposed reasoning for mental health problems?

A

Locke

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10
Q

What did Pinel propose?

A

Social theory of vulnerability

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11
Q

What was the social theory of vulnerability?

A

Those with MHP were normal, their reasoning was affected by severe personal/social problems

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12
Q

What did the Quaker movement do?

A

Started retreats for the vulnerable

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13
Q

Who developed the biological approach for understanding mental health and when?

A

Kraeplin (1856-1926)

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14
Q

What was proposed in the biological approach?

A

Chemical imbalance = cause of MHP

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15
Q

What was established in the 19th/20th century?

A

Classification using medical knowledge

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16
Q

What morphological changes happen in the brain in neurodevelopment?

A

Changes to the mesolimbic structures e.g. nucleus accumbens matures

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17
Q

What does maturation of the nucleus accumbens cause?

A

Heightened sensitivity to reward

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18
Q

What happens to a teenage brain?

A

Adult like ability to reason but heightened need for reward

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19
Q

What are teenagers poor at?

A

Considering consequences of behaviour

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20
Q

What happens to the social brain in teenage years?

A

re salience of sensory stimuli to sexual motivation

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21
Q

Why is autism a neurodisability?

A

Manifestation in variance in social/language development and in rigidity in thought and behavioural patterns

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22
Q

What interventions are available for autism?

A

Early diagnosis, early intervention and psychological intervention for communication

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23
Q

What areas are typically affected by TBI?

A

Frontal-tempo-limbic systems

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24
Q

What do Frontal-tempo-limbic systems monitor?

A

Arousal level, control behaviour towards “goal states”

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25
Q

What happens when you get a moderate to severe TBI?

A

Neuropsychological deficits, behaviour problems and poor social outcomes
- Poor anger management
- Poor planning and inflexibility

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26
Q

What are more vulnerable to damage in children?

A

Limbic systems

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27
Q

What a neuropsychological sequelae?

A

A condition that is a result of previous illness or injury

28
Q

What are the rates of TBI like?

A

Those >5, in poorest 5% are 5x more likely

29
Q

What are eating disorders also?

A

‘Internalising’ disorder

30
Q

What are the symptoms of AN?

A

Self-starvation, restricting and/or binge + purging, 15%< below normal bw, intense fear of weight gain

31
Q

What is BN?

A

Loss of control over eating

32
Q
A
32
Q

What are effective treatments for AN?

A

Food, family based intervention

33
Q

What are effective treatments for BN?

A

CBT-E

34
Q

What is anxiety defined as?

A

An unpleasant emotional state characterized by fearfulness & unwanted and distressing physical symptoms and thoughts

35
Q

Why is PTSD different to other anxiety disorders?

A

There is a known cause

36
Q

What is PTSD caused by?

A

Experiences of harm or threat

37
Q

What two types of experience cause PTSD?

A

One off event (e.g. assault) and Continuous trauma (e.g. abuse, combat)

38
Q

What can be used to treat anxiety disorders?

A

CBT through guided SD and managing stress

39
Q

What is the main feature of Psychosis?

A

Loss of awareness of socially perceived reality

40
Q

What are the main causes of Psychosis?

A

Schizophrenia, drugs, depression, brain injury

41
Q

What are the main symptoms of Schizophrenia?

A
  • Delusional beliefs
  • Hallucinations
  • Withdrawal states (avolition)
42
Q

What is avolition?

A

Loss of energy and absence of interest in routine activities

43
Q

What is personality disorder defined by?

A

Persistent pervasive abnormality of social relationships and social functioning

44
Q

What things are in Cluster A of the DSM-IV?

A

Paranoid, Schizoid, Schziotypal

45
Q

What things are in Cluster B of the DSM-IV?

A

Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic

46
Q

What things are in Cluster C of the DSM-IV?

A

Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive

47
Q

What are two issues common among personality disorders?

A
  • Problems regulating impulses and emotions
  • Problems with interpersonal relations
48
Q

What are the risk factors associated with personality disorders?

A
  • Parental separation/loss
  • Family history
  • Abnormal parenting attitudes
  • Childhood trauma
49
Q

What is the first part of the drugs pleasure principle?

A

Reward pathway

50
Q

What is released as a result of pleasure?

A

Dopamine

51
Q

What do addictive drugs rely on as the main chemicals?

A

Dopamine and serotonin

52
Q

What treatments are used for drugs and alcohol?

A

CBT+, Detoxification, antagonistic drugs

53
Q

What is a mood disorder?

A

Primary disturbance appears to be one of mood

54
Q

What can mood disorders either be?

A

Unipolar (low mood only) or bipolar (high and low moods)

55
Q

What are some examples of unipolar disorders?

A

major and minor depression, dysthymia

56
Q

What are some examples of bipolar disorders?

A

Bipolar disorder I, Bipolar disorder II, cyclothymia and hyperthymia

57
Q

What is the main principle of the cognitive behavioural model of depression?

A

Negative triad of beliefs

58
Q

What does the Negative triad of beliefs contain?

A

Negative view of self, world and future

59
Q

What is negative inner speech known as?

A

Negative Automatic Thoughts (NATs)

60
Q

What are those with depression often caught up in?

A

Rumination

61
Q

What is Rumination?

A

Repetitive thinking or dwelling on negative feelings and distress and their causes and consequences

62
Q

What are NATs based on?

A

Negative core beliefs about the self

63
Q

What does the course of major depression look like?

A

Symptoms increase, Remission, Relapse or Recurrence (new episode)

64
Q

What are the common psychological causes of sleep problems?

A

Accompanying mood problem (anxiety, depression), Stress, anxiety about sleep

Clinical Psychology (3 decks)

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