Revision

Question 1

What was the Greek & Roman period based on?

Answer 1

Somatogenesis

Question 2

What is Somatogenesis?

Answer 2

Illness through the body

Question 3

What did Hippocrates believe?

Answer 3

Illness was due to nature not punishment

Question 4

How was recovery supposed to happen?

Answer 4

Natural processes

Question 5

What other individual was prevalent in the Greek/Roman period?

Answer 5

Galen

Question 6

What else was given some consideration in this time?

Answer 6

Psychogenesis

Question 7

What is Psychogenesis?

Answer 7

Psychological aspects to emotional distress

Question 8

What was the era called that caused medicine to advance?

Answer 8

The Enlightenment

Question 9

Who proposed reasoning for mental health problems?

Answer 9

Locke

Question 10

What did Pinel propose?

Answer 10

Social theory of vulnerability

Question 11

What was the social theory of vulnerability?

Answer 11

Those with MHP were normal, their reasoning was affected by severe personal/social problems

Question 12

What did the Quaker movement do?

Answer 12

Started retreats for the vulnerable

Question 13

Who developed the biological approach for understanding mental health and when?

Answer 13

Kraeplin (1856-1926)

Question 14

What was proposed in the biological approach?

Answer 14

Chemical imbalance = cause of MHP

Question 15

What was established in the 19th/20th century?

Answer 15

Classification using medical knowledge

Question 16

What morphological changes happen in the brain in neurodevelopment?

Answer 16

Changes to the mesolimbic structures e.g. nucleus accumbens matures

Question 17

What does maturation of the nucleus accumbens cause?

Answer 17

Heightened sensitivity to reward

Question 18

What happens to a teenage brain?

Answer 18

Adult like ability to reason but heightened need for reward

Question 19

What are teenagers poor at?

Answer 19

Considering consequences of behaviour

Question 20

What happens to the social brain in teenage years?

Answer 20

re salience of sensory stimuli to sexual motivation

Question 21

Why is autism a neurodisability?

Answer 21

Manifestation in variance in social/language development and in rigidity in thought and behavioural patterns

Question 22

What interventions are available for autism?

Answer 22

Early diagnosis, early intervention and psychological intervention for communication

Question 23

What areas are typically affected by TBI?

Answer 23

Frontal-tempo-limbic systems

Question 24

What do Frontal-tempo-limbic systems monitor?

Answer 24

Arousal level, control behaviour towards “goal states”

Question 25

What happens when you get a moderate to severe TBI?

Answer 25

Neuropsychological deficits, behaviour problems and poor social outcomes - Poor anger management - Poor planning and inflexibility

Question 26

What are more vulnerable to damage in children?

Answer 26

Limbic systems

Question 27

What a neuropsychological sequelae?

Answer 27

A condition that is a result of previous illness or injury

Question 28

What are the rates of TBI like?

Answer 28

Those >5, in poorest 5% are 5x more likely

Question 29

What are eating disorders also?

Answer 29

'Internalising' disorder

Question 30

What are the symptoms of AN?

Answer 30

Self-starvation, restricting and/or binge + purging, 15%< below normal bw, intense fear of weight gain

Question 31

What is BN?

Answer 31

Loss of control over eating

Question 32

What are effective treatments for AN?

Answer 32

Food, family based intervention

Question 33

What are effective treatments for BN?

Answer 33

CBT-E

Question 34

What is anxiety defined as?

Answer 34

An unpleasant emotional state characterized by fearfulness & unwanted and distressing physical symptoms and thoughts

Question 35

Why is PTSD different to other anxiety disorders?

Answer 35

There is a known cause

Question 36

What is PTSD caused by?

Answer 36

Experiences of harm or threat

Question 37

What two types of experience cause PTSD?

Answer 37

One off event (e.g. assault) and Continuous trauma (e.g. abuse, combat)

Question 38

What can be used to treat anxiety disorders?

Answer 38

CBT through guided SD and managing stress

Question 39

What is the main feature of Psychosis?

Answer 39

Loss of awareness of socially perceived reality

Question 40

What are the main causes of Psychosis?

Answer 40

Schizophrenia, drugs, depression, brain injury

Question 41

What are the main symptoms of Schizophrenia?

Answer 41

- Delusional beliefs - Hallucinations - Withdrawal states (avolition)

Question 42

What is avolition?

Answer 42

Loss of energy and absence of interest in routine activities

Question 43

What is personality disorder defined by?

Answer 43

Persistent pervasive abnormality of social relationships and social functioning

Question 44

What things are in Cluster A of the DSM-IV?

Answer 44

Paranoid, Schizoid, Schziotypal

Question 45

What things are in Cluster B of the DSM-IV?

Answer 45

Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic

Question 46

What things are in Cluster C of the DSM-IV?

Answer 46

Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive

Question 47

What are two issues common among personality disorders?

Answer 47

- Problems regulating impulses and emotions - Problems with interpersonal relations

Question 48

What are the risk factors associated with personality disorders?

Answer 48

- Parental separation/loss - Family history - Abnormal parenting attitudes - Childhood trauma

Question 49

What is the first part of the drugs pleasure principle?

Answer 49

Reward pathway

Question 50

What is released as a result of pleasure?

Answer 50

Dopamine

Question 51

What do addictive drugs rely on as the main chemicals?

Answer 51

Dopamine and serotonin

Question 52

What treatments are used for drugs and alcohol?

Answer 52

CBT+, Detoxification, antagonistic drugs

Question 53

What is a mood disorder?

Answer 53

Primary disturbance appears to be one of mood

Question 54

What can mood disorders either be?

Answer 54

Unipolar (low mood only) or bipolar (high and low moods)

Question 55

What are some examples of unipolar disorders?

Answer 55

major and minor depression, dysthymia

Question 56

What are some examples of bipolar disorders?

Answer 56

Bipolar disorder I, Bipolar disorder II, cyclothymia and hyperthymia

Question 57

What is the main principle of the cognitive behavioural model of depression?

Answer 57

Negative triad of beliefs

Question 58

What does the Negative triad of beliefs contain?

Answer 58

Negative view of self, world and future

Question 59

What is negative inner speech known as?

Answer 59

Negative Automatic Thoughts (NATs)

Question 60

What are those with depression often caught up in?

Answer 60

Rumination

Question 61

What is Rumination?

Answer 61

Repetitive thinking or dwelling on negative feelings and distress and their causes and consequences

Question 62

What are NATs based on?

Answer 62

Negative core beliefs about the self

Question 63

What does the course of major depression look like?

Answer 63

Symptoms increase, Remission, Relapse or Recurrence (new episode)

Question 64

What are the common psychological causes of sleep problems?

Answer 64

Accompanying mood problem (anxiety, depression), Stress, anxiety about sleep