Revision Flashcards
What is the major criteria for Infective endocarditis diagnosis?
Positive blood culture
What is the best imaging to detect the valve vegetations of IE?
transesophagheal echocardiography
What are the symptoms of acute pericarditis?
Chest pain
What is the sign of acute pericarditis upon inspection?
Pericardial friction rub, a scratching sound
What is cardiac tamponade?
When fluid accumulates in the pericardial space, compressing the heart
What is the symptom of Cardiac Tamponade?
Acute dysnpnea
The signs of cardiac tamponade are?
Beck’s Triad, that being hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and elevated jugular venous pressure
What is constrictive pericarditis?
The formation of a tough shell around the heart, thus preventing heart expansion
What are the clinical presentations of constrictive pericarditis?
Engorged neck veins, right sided heart failure predominantly, and ascites
What is the most common cause of mitral valve stenosis?
Rheumatic fever
What do we find when we auscult Mitral valve regurgitation?
A muffled first heart sound, and harsh pan systolic murmur over the apex that propagates to the axilla
What are the physical signs of Pulmonary hypertension?
Diastolic shock, ejection systolic murmur
What do we see when we do a chest x-ray for pulmonary hypertension?
Aneurysmal dilatation of the pulmonary artery
When treating hypertension when do we not prescribe ACE Is and ARBS?
during pregnancy
What therapies do we not namely use in pregnancies?
Bosentan and Ambrisentan
At what point do we declare a hypertensive emergency?
When BP exceeds 180/110
There are 2 types of arryhthmias, the Supraventicular’s ECG presents as?
Narrow QRS complex
Ventricular arrhythmias ECG presents as?
Wide QRS complex
What does tachycardia and bradycardia mean?
Tachy means fast, brady means slow
Adult pulmonary valve stenosis sounds like?
Ejection systolic murmur over the pulmonary area
What is Aortic coarctation?
When the aorta gets narrowed at one bit, as if it was pressed on
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
A combined birth defect of many features, a ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, what not
What does Tetralogy of fallot present as?
Cyanotic clubbing, squatting increases it
Tetralogy of fallot puts patients at a high risk of?
Infective endocarditis
What is the key investigation to diagnose HF?
Echocardiography
How does HF present?
Acute dyspnea, hemoptysis of pink colour
How do we treat HF?
IV diuresis and vasodilators
How do we treat atherosclerosis?
Nitrates and beta blockers
How do nitrates treat atherosclerosis?
They vasodilate
How do beta blockers treat atherosclerosis?
They reduce heart rate
If nitrates and beta blockers fail, how do we treat atherosclerosis?
Revascularization
How do we treat STEMI?
Via mechanical reperfusion
What if it’s too late for mechanical re-perfusion to treat STEMI, what do we do?
We conduct fibrinolytic therapy
