Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSRA > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Budd-chiari syndrome

A

Hepatic venous outflow obstruction
Hepatomegaly, ascites, abdominal pain
Caudate lobe hypertrophy
Associated with thrombotic conditions

May require liver decompression - transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gilbert’s Syndrome

A

Mildy symptomatic/asymtomatic unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
Mild jaundice, malaise
LFTs largely normal except raised bilirubin
Normal reticulocyte, normal urobilinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Associations with adult polycystic kidney disease

A

Intracranial berry aneurysms - subarach
Miltral valve prolapse
Colonic diverticula
Renal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Caplan’s syndrome

A

Coal miners pulmonary fibrosis
Multiple round nodules on CXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pytiriasis rosea

A

Herald patch followed by rash
Self limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PSA test conditions

A

No heavy exercise 48h
No ejaculation 48h
No prostate biopsy 6w
No acitve UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Labyrinthitis vs vestibular neuronitis

A

In labyrinthitis there is sensorineural hearing loss/tinnitus.

Just dizziness in neuronitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ECG abnormality in lithium toxicity

A

Flattened / inverted T waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tamoxifen
Side effects

A

Oestrogen receptor antagonist in breast tissue
In other tissues it is an agonist
- bone protection

S/E
Endometrial carcinoma/hyperplasia
Thromboembolism
Fatty liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Digoxin toxicity ECG

A

yellow green vision
ST depression T wave inversion V5/V6
Reverse tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diabetes diagnosis

A

Symptomatic + Fasting > 7, Random > 11.1, HbA1c > 6.5% 48

Asymptomatic 2 of:
Fasting>7, Random>11.1, HbA1c >6.5% 48

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Impaired glucose tolerance

A

Fasting>7 and 2h GTT 7.8-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prediabetes

A

Hba1c 6.1-6.4
42-47

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Impaired fasting glucose

A

6.1-6.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metoformin SE

A

GI upset
Lactic acidosis
Vit B12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metoformin SE

A

GI upset
Lactic acidosis
Vit B12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Goodpasture’s syndrome triad

A

diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage
Glomerulonephritis
Anti-GBM antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TB treatment

A

RI for 6 months
PE for the first 2 moths

2 months RIPE
4 months RI
RI for 10 months if CNS TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fungal nail infection treatment

A

topical: amorolfine nail lacquer
Systemic: terbinafine
Itraconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hear lice

A

Dimeticone 4% lotion Applied twice 7d between applications, left on for 8h.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Ribofalvin - angular stomatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

IgA nephropathy vs post-strep glomerulonephritis

A

IgA is 24-48h after URTI
Post-strep glomeulonephritis occurs 1-2 weeks after infection

Nephritic syndorme -visible haematuria.
High dose prednisolone in IgA nephropathy
Post-strep is self limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bells Pasy Treatment

A

Oral prednisolone for 10d if presenting within 72h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Encapsulated bacuteris

A

Streptococcus
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
Klebsiella
Salmonella typhi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Physiological changes in pregnancy

A

Everything rises except Hb (dilution) and BP in 2nd trimester

Prolactin rises
Plasma volume rises
WBC, plt, ESR rise
CO rises
Ventilation and tidal volume and resp rate rises
Urinary frequency increases
Rised GFR

Pigmented skin chloasma, hair loss from scalp

Compensated respiratory alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Autosomal dominant vs autosomal recessive

A

Dominant = structural
Von willebrand
HNPCC
Achondroplasia
Ehlers Danlos
Osteogenesis impperfecta
Tuberous sclerosis

Recessive = metabolic
(except inhertied ataxias)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

association of H pylori

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastric MALT
Gastric adenocarcinoma
IDA
Coronartisi
Menetriers disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Low voltage QRS complexes

A

Increased distance from heart
- pericardial effusion
- obesity
- COPD

Hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Treatment of impeitgo

A

Hydrogen peroxide cream
Fuscidic acid
Mupiroscin

Oral fluclox or clari

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How long to observe following anaphylaxis

A

6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Section 2
Section 3
Section 4

A

2 - assessment for 28 days
3 - treatment for 6 months
4 - 72 hour assessment as emergency GP and approved social worker or relative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Section 5(2)
Section 5(4)
Section 135
Section 136

A

5(2) - doctor on inpatient for 72h
5(4) - nurse on inpateint for 6h
135 - home to place of safety by police
136 - public to place of safety by police

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Plasma osmolarity

A

2Na + urea + glucose

33
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

Autosomal recessive
Defective adrenal hormones resulting in deficient aldosterone and cortisol. This leads to increased ACTH secretion resulting in adrenal hyperplasia.

Hyperpigmetation
Females virilised at birth
Adrenal crisis.
Hypoglycaemia

Life-long hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone replacement required

34
Q

Antiplatelets following:
Angina
ACS medical management
PCI for ACS
PCR for stable coronary artery disease
CABG
Stroke or TIA
PAD

A

Angina: Aspirin
ACS medical - aspiring + ticagrelor for 12m
PCI for aCS : Aspirin for life, + prasugrel or ticagrelor for12m
PCI in stable CAD: aspirin + clopidogrel
CABG DAPT
Stroke/TIA - clopidogrel
PAD - clopidogrel

35
Q

Pneumonia in alcoholics

A

Klebsiella
Redcurrant jelly sputum

36
Q

Obstructive spirometry pattern

A

FEV1 < 80%
FVC reduced but less than FEV1
FEV1/FVC < 0.7

Obstructive reaches FVC eventually
Restrictive does not

COPD
Asthma
Emphysema
Bronchiectasis
Cystic Fibrosi

37
Q

Restrictive spirtometry

A

FEV1< 80%
FVC < 80%
FEV1/FVC > 0.7

Pulmonary fibrosis
Pneumoconiosis
Pulmonary oedema
Obesity
PRegnancy
Neuromsucular
CTD

38
Q

Drugs that trigger psoraisis

A

Beta blockers
Lithium
NSAIDs
ACE i
Alcohol
Trauma

39
Q

causes of erythema nodosum

A

Infection - strep, TB
Systemic - sarcoidosis, IBD, BEhcet’s
Drugs - pencillins, sulphonamides, COCP
Pregnancy

40
Q

Guttate psoriasis

A

Preceded by streptococcal sore throat 2-4 weeks
Tear drop scaly papules

41
Q

Orange peel shin lesions

A

Pretibial myxoedema

42
Q

TReatment for chronic heart failure

A

ACE inhibitor
Beta blocker

2nd line:
Aldosterone antagonist - spironolactone, eplenerone

If AF - digoxin
Ivabradine
Hydralazine + nitrate

Annual influenza vaccine
One off pneumococcal vaccine

43
Q

Angina treatment

A

Sublingual GRN for attacks

Beta blocker and CCB first line

If CCB monotherapy - verapamil or diltiazem

NO BETA BLOCKER WITH VERAPAMIL = bradycardia and heart failure

Long acting nitrate
Ivabradine
Nicorandil

44
Q

Cardioversion in AF

A

<48h - electrical DV cardioversion

Onset > 48h
Anticoagulation for 3 weeks prior to cardioversion
Electrical cardioversion
Anticoagulate for 4 weeks

45
Q

Non-shockable rhythm management

A

PEA, asystole
Chest compressions 30:2
Give 1 mg 1:10000 adrenaline IV as soon as possible
Repeat every 3-5 minutes

46
Q

Shockable rhythm management

A

Pulseless ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation

Single shock followed by 2 minutes of CPR
If witnessed in monitored patient, 3 successive shocks

Adrenaline 1mg once chest compressions restarted after third shock
Repeat every 3-5 minutes

Amiodarone 300mg IV after 3 shocks
Futher dose of amiodarone 150mg after 5 shocks

IV or IO

47
Q

4H 4T

A

Hypoxia
Hypokalaemia/Hyperkalaemia
Hypothermia
Hypovolaemia

Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade
Toxins
Thrombosis

48
Q

HTN treatment if ABPM/HBPM >= 150/95 or if >=135/85

A

> = 150/95 - offer drug treatmetn regardless of age
=135/85
Treat if <80 and any of target organ damage, established CVS disease, renal disease, DM, 10 year QRISK >10%

49
Q

Torsades de pointes rx

A

IV magnesium sulphate

50
Q

Mx of STEMI

A

Aspirin 300mg
If PCI posible within 120minutes (12h of symptoms onset)
- PCI - prasugrel, unfractionated heparin, drug eluting stent

If PCI not possible within 120 minutes and 12h of symtpom onset
Fibrinolysis with alteplase
Ticargreolor following procedure
If fails to resolved 90min after fibrinolysis - PCI transfer

Clopidogrel if pt is high pleeding risk or on oral anticoagulants

51
Q

side effects of ACEi

A

Cough
Angioedema
Hyperkalaemia
first dose hypotension

52
Q

Investigation for Cushings

A

Overnight dexamethasone suppression test

53
Q

Ix for Addison’s
Sick day rules

A

Short SynACTHen test
Plasma cortisol mesaured before and 30min after synthetic ACTH

Hyperkalaemia
Hyponatraemia
Metabolic acidosis

Sick day
Double hydrocortisone
Normal Fludorcortisone

54
Q

Ix for Conns

A

Aldosterone to renin ratio - high
Hypokalaemia
Hypernatriaemia

55
Q

Oral to SC morphine

Oral codeine to oral morphine
Oral tramadol to oral morphine

A

Oral to SC morphine Divide by 2

Oral cod/tram to morph - divide by 10

56
Q

Mx for Raynaud’s

A

Nifedipine

57
Q

GCS

A

E4 V5 M6

E
1: Not responsive
2: Eye open to pain
3: Voice
4: Spontaneous

V
1: No response
2: Incomprehensible sounds
3: Words
4: Confused speech
5: Orientated

M
1: No response
2: Abnormal extension to pain
3: Abnormal flexion to pain
4: Withdrawing from pain
5: Localise to pain
6: Obeys compands

58
Q

Fibroadenoma Mx

A

<3cm - watchful waiting
>3cm surgical exicision

59
Q

Breast
- duct ectasia
- duct papilloma
-fibroadenosis
-fat necrosis

A

Duct papilloma - blood stained discharge
Duct ectasia - dilatation of mammary ducts, green discharge
Fibroadenosis - lumpy breasts worse on menstruation
Fat necrosis - trauma - firm round irregular breast lump - Ix as cancer
Breast abscess- more common in lactating women

60
Q

2 week wait criteria colorectal

A

> = 40 with weight loss and abdo pain
=50 with rectal bleeding
= 60 with IDA OR change in bowel habit

Rectal abdominal mass
Mass or anal ucleration

61
Q

UC flare treatment

A

Mild moderate flare - topical aminosalicylate (mesalazine, sulfasalazine)
Oral aminosalycilate
Oral steroids

Severe acute flare
Hospital
IV steroids
IV ciclosporin

62
Q

Pneumothorax Mx

A

Primary penumothorax >2cm and or breathless - needle aspiration
If fails chest drain
If <2cm and not SOB - discharge

Secondary pneumothorax 1-2cm - needle aspiration

<1cm admit for observation give oxygen
Observe for 24h

Secondary pneumothorax >2cm and/or patient short of breath - chest drain

62
Q

Cervical smear result inadequate

A

Negative hrHPV (16/18)
Return to normal recall

Positive hrHPV
Abnormal cytology - colposcopy
(borderline changes, any dyskaryosis, invasive squam)

Cytology normal - repeat in 12m
12m repeat negative for hrHPV - normal recall
Repeat test + - cytology normal 12m repat
If HPV -ve at 24m - normal recall
If HPV +ve at 24m - colposcopy

Inadequate sample - repeat in 3m
2 inadequate samples - colposcopy

LLETZ for CIN

63
Q

NSTEMI Mx

A

GRACE score > 3% indicated PCI in 72hours
UFH and glucoprotein receptor anatagonist prior to PCI

64
Q

B12 + folate deficiency

A

B12 B4 folate

Replace B12 first to avoid SCDC

65
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma
Hyperinsulinaemia
PCOS

66
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma
Hyperinsulinaemia
PCOS

67
Q

Chronic hepatitis B

A

HBsAg +
Anti-Hbc +
Anti-Hbs -

HbsAg + for 6 months

68
Q

Fragility fracture in pt >75, <75

A

> 75 Start bisphonsphonate alendronate 70mg once weekly

<75 DEXA scan and FRAX assesment

69
Q

Raised prolactin causes

A

P

Pregnancy
Physiological
Prolactinoma
MetocloPramide, DomPeridone
Primary hypothyroidism
PCOS

70
Q

CYP inducers

A

Carbemazepine
Rifampicin
Barbiturates
Phenytoin
St Johns Wort
Chronic alcohol

71
Q

Mx for lumbar spinal stenosis

A

Laminectomy

72
Q

Mx of paracetamol overdose? Staggered?

A

MEasure paracetamol level at 4 hours post ingestion and compare to normogram - infuse NAC over 1 hour if above treatment line
Staggered - paracetamol over more than 1 hour commence IV NAC immediately

Kings criteria
pH<7.3 24 h after ingestion
PT >100s
creatinine >300
Grade III/IV encephalopathy

73
Q

Screening

A

Cervical
25-49 3 yearly cervical smear test
50-64 5 yearly cervical smear test
For HPV 16, 18

Breast
3 yearly mammogram 50-70

Colorectal
60-74 2 yearly FIT test - colonsocopy

FIT test if not meeting 2 week criteria
>=50 with abdo pain or weight loss
<60 with bowel habit change or IDA
>=60 anaemia no ID

74
Q

Anticoagulation for AF post stroke

A

TIA - commence immediately if no haemorrhage on scan

Stroke - commence after 2 weeks to avoid haemorrhagic transformation
(2 weeks of antiplatelets)

75
Q

Breast cancer drugs

A

Anti-oestrogen
Tamoxifen - selective oestrogen receptor modulator
Anti-oestrogen in breast but agonist outside so causes hot flushes, VTE, endometrial Ca, vaginal bleeding

Aromatase inhibitors anastrazole letrozole
Reduce peripheral oestrogen synthesis so cause osteoporosis - DEXA scan

76
Q

Acute flare of RA?

A

IM methylprednisolone
Oral steroid

77
Q

Adrenaline doses

A

0-6 150 micrograms
6-12 300 micrograms
13+ 500 micrograms
1 dose
5 mins
Another dose

77
Q

Adrenaline doses

A

0-6 150 micrograms
6-12 300 micrograms
13+ 500 micrograms
1 dose
5 mins
Another dose
Consider IV adrenoaline

Observe for 6h minimum

MSRA (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions