Revision Flashcards
What are the 9 Policing Principles?
- Accountability
- Fairness
- Honesty
- Integrity
- Leadership
- Objectivity
- Openness
- Respect
- Selflessness
What are the 10 Standards for Professional Behaviour?
- Honesty and Integrity
- Authority, respect and courtesy
- Equality and diversity
- Use of force
- Orders and instructions
- Duties and responsibilities
- Confidentiality
- Fitness for duty
- Good conduct
- Challenging and reporting improper conduct
What does NOELBOWS stand for?
No:
- Erasures
- Leaves torn out
- Blank spaces
- Overwriting
- Writing in between lines
- Statements in direct speech
What are the 7 IC codes?
- 1 = White Northern European
- 2 = White Southern European
- 3 = Black
- 4 = Asian
- 5 = Chinese, Japanese or any other South East Asian
- 6 = Arabic or North African
- 0 = Not Record/Unknown
What are the 9 Protected Characteristics?
- Race
- Sex
- Sexual Orientation
- Transgender
- Disability
- Religion or Beliefs
- Age
- Pregnancy or Maternity
- Marriage and Civil Partnerships
What are the 7 elements of the NDM
- Code of Ethics
- Information and Intelligence
- Assess Threat (THRIVE+) and Develop a Working Strategy
- Powers, Policies and Legislation
- Options and Contingencies
- Action
- Results and Review
What does ADVOKATE stand for?
- Amount of time under observation
- Distance
- Disability
- Obstructions
- Known or seen before
- Any reason to remember
- Time lapse since
- Errors or discrepancies
What are the 5 elements of a Special Warning?
- Offence
- Fact to be accounted for
- Taking part in the offence
- Inference a court may draw
- Record of interview
What does PEACE stand for?
- Preparation and Planning
- Engage and Explain
- Account
- Closure
- Evaluate
What are the 5 points when making an arrest?
- You are under arrest
- Offence
- Grounds
- Reason (necessity) IDCOPPLAN
- Caution
What does IDCOPPLAN stand for?
- Investigation
- Disappearance
- Child or vulnerable person
- Obstructing a highway
- Physical injury
- Public decency
- Loss or damage to property
- Address not verified
- Name not verified
What is included in a caution plus three?
- The Caution
- They are not under arrest
- They are free leave if they want to
- They are entitled to free legal advice
What are the 4 reasons for questioning suspects after arrest?
- Interference or harm to evidence
- Interference or harm to people
- Serious loss/damage to, or hindrance in the recovery of, property
- Alerting suspects not yet arrested
What does ROAST stand for?
- Reason (necessity) for arrest (IDCOPPLAN)
- Offence
- Allegation
- Summary of evidence
- Time of arrest and location
Assault definition
- An assault occurs when one person intentionally or recklessly applies force to the person of another without the others consent
Robbery definition
A person commits robbery if they steal, and immediately before or at the time of doing so and in order to do so they use force on any person or puts or seeks to put any person in fear of being then and there subjected to force
Breach of the Peace definition
Harm is done or is likely to be done to a person or in their presence to their property or a person is in fear of being harmed through assault or affray, riot or other disturbance
Harassment, Alarm or Distress (S. 5 POA 1986)
Use words or behaviour, or display any visible representation that is threatening, abusive or insulting or use disorderly behaviour within sight or hearing of a person likely to be caused harassment, alarm or distress
Intentional Harassment, Alarm or Distress (S. 4A POA 1986)
Use words or behaviour, or display any visible representation that is threatening, abusive or insulting or use disorderly behaviour with intent to cause a person harassment, alarm or distress and whereby a person is caused harassment, alarm or distress
Fear or Provocation of Violence (S. 4 POA 1986)
Use towards another person words or behaviour or display or distribute any visible representation that are threatening, abusive or insulting with intent to cause that person to believe immediate unlawful violence will be used against them by anyone or with intent to provoke the immediate use of unlawful violence by anyone or whereby that person is likely to believe that immediate unlawful violence will be used or it is likely such violence will be provoked
Affray (S. 3 POA 1986)
Use or threaten unlawful violence towards another and conduct is such as would cause a person of reasonable firmness, present at the scene, to fear for their personal safety
Theft
Dishonestly appropriates property belonging to another with the intention to permanently deprive them of it.
Going Equipped
When not at their place of abode, a person has with them any article for use in the course of or in connection with any theft or burglary.
Handling Stolen Good (S. 22 Theft Act 1968)
A person handles stolen goods if (otherwise than in the course of stealing) knowing or believing them to be stolen goods they dishonestly receive the goods, or dishonestly undertake or assist in their retention, removal, disposal, or realisation by or for the benefit of another person, or if they arrange to do so.
Making off Without Payment
A person who knowing that on the spot payment is required or expected from them dishonestly makes off without having paid as required or expected and with intent to avoid payment of the amount due.
Burglary (S. 9(1)a Theft Act 1968)
If a person enters any building or part of a building as a trespasser and with intent to steal anything in the building (or part of) or inflict GBH on any person therein or do unlawful damage to the building or anything therein.
Burglary (S. 9(1)b Theft Act 1968)
If a person enters any building or part of a building, as a trespasser, they steal or attempt to steal anything in the building (or part of) or inflict or attempt to inflict GBH on any person therein.
Aggravated Burglary (S. 10 Theft Act 1968)
A person commits a burglary and at the time has any with them: weapon of offence, imitation firearm, firearm, explosive.
Police Powers to Seize Cash (S. 294 POCA 2002)
A constable may seize any cash if they have reasonable grounds for suspecting that it is: recoverable property (property obtained through unlawful conduct) or intended by any person for use in unlawful conduct.
Acquisition, Use and Possession (S. 329 POCA 2002)
It is an offence to acquire criminal property, use criminal property, have possession of criminal property.
Criminal Attempts
If, with intent to commit an indictable offence, a person does an act which is more than merely preparatory to the commission of the offence, they are guilting of attempting to commit the offence.
Criminal Damage
A person who without lawful excuse, destroys or damages any property belonging to another, intending to destroy or damage any such property or being reckless as to whether any such property would be destroyed or damaged is guilty.
Common Law Use of Force
Self defence, defence of another, prevention of crime or lawful arrest and apprehension of offenders.
S. 3 Criminal Law Act 1967
Any person may use such force as is reasonable in the circumstances in prevention of crime or in effecting or assisting a lawful arrest of offenders or suspected offenders or persons unlawfully at large.
SOAP (S. 1 PACE 1984)
Stolen Goods
Offensive Weapons
Articles for use in burglary, theft, TWOC, fraud and criminal damage
Points or Blades
(Fireworks)
GOWISELY
Grounds
Object
Warrant Card
Identification
Station
Entitlement
Legislation/Legal Power
You’re Detained
Offensive Weapons (Prevention of Crime Act 1953)
Any person who without legal authority or reasonable excuse, the proof of which shall lie on them, has with them in any public place any offensive weapon (made, adapted, intended).
Points and Blades (S. 139 Criminal Justice Act 1988)
Any person who has an article with them in a public place: any article which has a blade or is sharply pointed except a folding pocket knife or a folding pocket knife if the cutting edge of its blade exceeds three inches. Exception if the person has a good reason or lawful authority for having the article in public, for use at work, for religious reason, part of any national costume.
When can you enter under S. 17 PACE 1984?
Save life and limb
Commitment warrant
Arrest for indictable offence
Recapture unlawfully at large
Execute a warrant
What can you search a person for upon arrest (S. 32 PACE 1984)?
Dangerous items
Implement to escape
Evidence of an offence
What clothing can you remove during a public search? (JOG)
Jacket
Outer Coat
Gloves
S. 18 PACE 1984
Searching a premises after arrest: enter and search any premises occupied or controlled by a person who is under arrest for an indictable offence, if they have reasonable grounds for suspecting there is evidence that relates to that offence or some other indictable offence which is connected to or similar to that offence.
S. 19 PACE 1984
Power to seize property: constable who is lawfully at a premises may seize anything which is on the premises if they have reasonable ground for believing that it has been obtained in the commission of an offence or is evidence of an offence and is necessary to seize it in order to prevent it being: concealed, lost, damaged, altered or destroyed.
S. 22 PACE 1984
Power to retain property for following reasons: forensic examination, investigation, lawful owner (establish) or evidence for court.
S. 23 PACE 1984
Definition of premises includes: vehicle, vessel, aircraft, hovercraft, renewable energy installation and tent or movable structure.
S. 23 Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
Search and detain any person, vehicle or vessel, or search premises (if there lawfully) and seize and detain any evidence under the act.
Points to Prove for Possession (S. 5 Misuse of Drugs Act 1971)
The accused had the substance in their possession.
They knew it was in their possession (whatever they believed it to be).
The substance was a controlled drug.
S. 29 Crime and Disorder Act 1998
Racially or religiously aggravated assaults (not including GBH).
S. 30 Crime and Disorder Act 1998
Racially or religiously aggravated criminal damage.
S. 31 Crime and Disorder Act
Racially or religiously aggravated public order offence (S. 4, 4a and 5 POA 1986)
S. 32 Crime and Disorder Act
Racially or religiously aggravated harassment.
Racially or Religiously Aggravated Offences
At the time of committing the offence or immediately before or after the offence, the offender demonstrates towards the victim of the offence hostility based on the victim’s membership or presumed membership of a racial or religious group, or the offence is motivated (wholly or partly) by hostility towards members of racial or religious group based on their membership of that group.
S. 18 POA 1986
Using threatening words or behaviour or displaying written material (racial).
S. 19 POA 1986
Publishing or distributing material (racial).
S. 20 POA 1986
Public performance/play (racial).
S. 22 POA 1986
Broadcasting threatening images/sounds (racial).
S. 23 POA 1986
Possessing racially inflammatory material (racial).
S. 29B POA 1986
Using threatening words or behaviour or displaying written material (religious or sexual orientation).
S. 29C POA 1986
Publishing or distributing material (religious or sexual orientation).
S. 29D POA 1986
Public performance/play (religious or sexual orientation).
S. 29F POA 1986
Broadcasting threatening images/sounds (religious or sexual orientation).
S. 29G POA 1986
Possessing inflammatory material (religious or sexual orientation).
CRAVED (Suitable Target)
Concealable
Removable
Available
Valuable
Enjoyable
Disposable
SARA (Problem Solving)
Scanning
Analysis
Response
Asses
VOLT (Problem Solving)
Victim
Offender
Location
Time
Domestic Abuse
An incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those age 16 or over who have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality.
5 Main Types of DA
Physical
Psychological
Sexual
Financial
Emotional
What does DASH stand for?
Domestic Abuse Stalking Harassment and Honour Based Violence
S. 2 Harassment Act 1987
A person must not pursue a course of conduct which amounts to harassment of another and which they know or ought to know amounts to harassment of the other.
The 3 Defences for S. 2 Harassment Act 1987
Purpose of preventing or detecting crime.
Pursued under any enactment or rule of law.
Course of conduct was reasonable.
S. 4 Harassment Act 1987
A person whose course of conduct causes another to fear on at least 2 occasions, that violence will be used against them, if they know or ought to know that their course of conduct will cause the other so to fear on each of those occasions.
The 3 Defences for S. 4 Harassment Act 1987
Purpose of preventing or detecting crime.
Pursued under any enactment or rule of law.
Course of conduct was reasonable for the protection of themselves or another or for the protection of their or another’s property.
S. 4A Harassment Act 1987
Stalking involving fear of violence or serious alarm or distress.
Major Incident
An event or situation, with a range of serious consequences, which requires special arrangements to be implemented by one or more emergency responder agencies.
Critical Incident
Any incident where the effectiveness of the police response is likely to have a significant impact on the confidence of the victim, their family or community.
S. 1 Sexual Offences Act 2003
Rape: is the intentional penetration of the anus, mouth or vagina (by any person) by a penis, without consent.
S. 75 Sexual Offences Act 2003
Evidential presumption.
S. 76 Sexual Offences Act 2003
Conclusive presumption.
S. 74 Sexual Offences Act 2003
Conditional consent.
S. 2 Sexual Offences Act 2003
Assault by Penetration: Is intentional penetration of the anus or vagina (by any person) by any other part of a persons’ body or any other implement without consent.
S. 3 Sexual Offences Act 2003
Sexual Assault: the touching was intentional, the touching was sexual, there was no consent to the touching, the suspect did not reasonable believe that the person consented.
S. 66 Sexual Offences Act 2003
Exposure: Deliberately expose genitals with the intention of causing alarm or distress to someone who sees them.
S. 67 Sexual Offences Act 2003
Voyeurism: For the purpose of obtaining sexual gratification a person a) observes another person in a private act b) they operate equipment with the intention of enabling another person to observe a private act c) they record another person in a private act and the other person does not consent.
S. 15A Sexual Offences Act 2003
Sexual Communication with a Child: For the purpose of obtaining sexual gratification an adult intentionally has sexual communication with an under-16 or encourages them to have sexual communications with someone else.
S. 33 Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015
Revenge Porn: Disclosing private sexual photographs or films without consent and with the intent to cause distress.
THRIVE+
Threat
Harm
Risk
Investigation
Vulnerability
Engagement
Prevention and Intervention
VAF ABCDE
Are 3 or more factors cause for concern:
Appearance
Behaviour
Communication and Capacity
Danger
Environment and Circumstances
PLAN
Proportionate
Legal
Accountable
Necessary
Missing Person
Anyone whose whereabouts cannot be established will be considered missing until located and their wellbeing or otherwise is confirmed.
Low Risk Misper
The risk of harm to the subject or public is assessed as possible but minimal.
Medium Risk Misper
The risk of harm to the subject or public is assessed as likely but not serious.
High Risk Misper
The risk of harm to the subject or public is assessed as very likely.
S. 136 Mental Health Act 1983
If a person appears to a police constable to be suffering from mental disorder and to be in immediate need of care or control, the constable may, if they think it is necessary to do so in the interests of that person or for the protection of others: a) remove the person to a place of safety or b) if the person is already at a place of safety within the meaning of that section, keep the person at that place or remove them to another place of safety.
The Relevancy Test
i. All material collected during the investigation
ii. Contains evidential material taken from i.
iii. Relevancy test is applied to the remainder of the material in i.
S. 16 YJ&CEA 1999
Vulnerable Witness:
- Under 18 at the time of the court hearing.
- Suffer from a mental disorder (defined under the Mental Health Act 1983).
- Have a significant impairment of intelligence or social functioning.
- Have a physical disability.
- Suffer from a physical disorder.
S. 17 YJ&CEA 1999
Intimidated Witness:
- Victims of sexual offences.
- Victims of human trafficking under S. 1 or 2 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015.
- Witnesses to a relevant offence (gun or knife crime).
- Victims who may be subject to intimidation from the accused, their family or associates or any other person who is likely to be an accused or a witness during proceedings.
S. 23-30 YJ&CEA 1999
Special Measures:
- Screens
- Live Link
- Evidence given in private
- Removal of wigs and gowns
- Video recorded evidence in chief
- Video recorded cross examination
- Intermediary
- Communication aids
Motor Vehicle Definition
A mechanically propelled vehicle intended or adapted for road use.
Driving Definition
A person who steers and controls the vehicle and has the ability to brake.
Taking a Conveyance
Without the consent of the owner or other lawful authority they take any conveyance for their or another’s use or knowing that any conveyance has been taken without such authority allows themselves to be carried in or on it.
Driving Whilst Unfit
A person who, when driving, attempting to drive or in charged of a mechanically propelled vehicle on a road or other public place, is unfit through drink or drugs.
Failing to provide a breath specimen
I am arresting you for failing to take breath test when you were required to do so and because I suspect you have alcohol in your body (followed by caution).
Positive Breath Test
I am arresting you because the breath test is positive and because I suspect you of driving having had too much to drink (followed by caution).
The Warning Formula
You will be reported for the question to be considered of prosecuting you for…
ACECARD (Road Traffic Collisions)
- Approach
- Caution Signs
- Examine the Scene
- Casualties
- Ambulance, LFB and other agencies
- Removal of Obstructions
- Detailed Investigations
What age to become responsible for ensuring your seatbelt is on correctly?
14
S. 39 Criminal Justice Act 1988
Common Assault
S. 47 Offence Against the Person Act 1861
ABH
S. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861
GBH
S. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861
GBH with intent
S. 24 PACE
Power to arrest.
S. 31 PACE
Power to arrest for further offences.
POCA 2002
Helps police to recover, seize, freeze, restrain, forfeit and confiscate criminal assets.
S. 329 POCA 2002
Acquisition, use and possession.
S. 327 POCA 2002
Concealing.
S. 328 POCA 2002
Arrangements.
