Revision

Question 1

What’s unique about Albariza soil?

Answer 1

High chalk content for good drainage & water holding capacity

Question 2

What’s the difference between Oloroso & Amontillado Sherry?

Answer 2

Oloroso: Entirely oxidative ageing without flor
Amontillado: Aged oxidatively after biological aging under flor

Question 3

Port extraction (3 methods)

Answer 3

Foot Treading, Autovinifers, Piston Plungers

Question 4

What is Late Bottled Vintage Port?

Answer 4

Vintage wines aged 4-6 years before bottling.

Question 5

Describe a Rutherglen muscat

Answer 5

Sweet to luscious, amber to brown color, aged oxidatively with flavors of caramel, nuts, raisins.

Question 6

Oloroso sherry color

Answer 6

brown

Question 7

Maximum strength of spirit used for fortification of Port

Answer 7

77% abv

Question 8

Vintage port bottled no later than which year after harvest

Answer 8

2

Question 9

Sauternes grape varietals & contributions

Answer 9

Semillon - thin skin, susceptible to botrytis, ageable
Sauvignon Blanc - acidity/fruitiness
Muscadelle - exotic perfume

Question 10

Saint-Emilion high-end wine

Answer 10

Merlot-based (some Cabernet Franc), medium-high tannin, red berry fruit/plum, tobacco/cedar with age

Question 11

Where are Cotes de Bordeaux & what wines are produced?

Answer 11

Right bank of Dordogne. Merlot-based, meant for early drinking.

Question 12

Describe Alsatian Gewurztraminer

Answer 12

Full body, oily texture, high alcohol, spicy

Question 13

Which section of Bordeaux would you find Premier Grand Cru Classe A?

Answer 13

Saint Emilion

Question 14

What does Petit Verdot add to blends?

Answer 14

Tannin & spicy notes

Question 15

When is depth filter used?

Answer 15

Before stabilisation

Question 16

Delicately colored rose method

Answer 16

Direct pressing

Question 17

Alsace 4 noble grapes

Answer 17

Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris, Muscat

Question 18

Alsace climate & geographical features

Answer 18

Cool-moderate continental. Vosges mountains provide shelter, making Alsace one of the driest regions in France. Variety of soils.

Question 19

Continental climate definition

Answer 19

Greatest difference between hottest & coldest months

Question 20

When does flowering/fruit set occur in Northern Hemisphere?

Answer 20

May - June

Question 21

Name 3 premium new world regions in 3 different countries where Pinot Noir is produced

Answer 21

Sonoma/Los Carneros (Cali), Central Otago (New Zealand), Yarra Valley/Mornington Peninsula/Tasmania (Australia), Walker Bay (South Africa), Casablanca Valley (Chile)

Question 22

Explain carbonic maceration & style of wine it produces

Answer 22

Whole, uncrushed bunches are placed into vats sealed with CO2 to remove oxygen. Intracellular fermentation takes place until grapes are split at 2% abv. Wines are low tannin with notes of kirsch, banana, bubble gum, cinnamon.

Question 23

4 methods of concentrating grape sugars for sweet wines

Answer 23

Noble Rot, drying grapes on vine, drying grapes after picking, freezing grapes on vine

Question 24

Clarification 3 techniques

Answer 24

Sedimentation, Fining, Filtration

Question 25

riesling grape characteristics

Answer 25

aromatic, can accumulate sugar without losing acidity, green fruit/floral in cool climates, citrus/stone in warm climates, notes of honey/toast/petrol in ageing

Question 26

What is diurnal range & what are the benefits

Answer 26

Difference between day & night temperatures. Cool nights prevent loss of aroma/acidity. Warm nights accelerate ripening.

Question 27

3 main irrigation techniques

Answer 27

drip, sprinklers, flood irrigation