Revision Flashcards
Define SEN
Having learning disabilities or learning difficulties which impact an individual’s ability to learn, in comparison to others the same age
Define Learning Disabilities
A learning disability refers to a condition that impacts learning and intelligence across all aspects of an individual’s life, not just in a specific area
Define Learning Difficulties
A learning difficulty impacts an individual’s ability to learn, but not their intellect, nor does it affect them across all aspects of life.
What are the 4 main areas of need for those with SEN
Speech, Language, Communication and Interaction.
Cognition and Learning.
Social, Emotional and Mental Health Difficulties.
Sensory and/or Physical.
Define Invisible Disability
An invisible disability is one that cannot be seen, or is not obvious to observers.
Define Visible Disability
A visual disability is one that can be seen by others.
SEND identifiable at birth are known as…
Congenital
SEND acquired after birth or through life are known as…
Developmental
What is the medical model of disability
Says that disability is caused by a health condition, and fully determines what individuals can and cannot do. When viewed through this lense, disability is caused by the individual’s differences and not by the views of society.
What is the social model of disability
Developed in the 1980’s, this model proposes that society makes a person disabled, not their actual physical or mental health condition. A holistic way of looking at disability which promotes equality and fairness.
Three barriers for individuals with SEND may face are :
Environmental eg lack of financial independence, or lack of reasonable adjustments.
Individual Attitudes eg discrimination, or overprotective family.
Limits to organisational structures eg stairs, or lack of assisted tech like hearing loops.
What does a SENCO do?
Oversee the day to day running of the school’s SEN policy by liaising with teachers and coordinating provision for SEN.
Liase with parents and external agencies.
Summerise the Education Act 1981
This legislation maintained that all children should be educated in mainstream schools wherever possible.
Summerise the Disability Discrimination Act 1995
This piece of legislation made it illegal to discriminate against someone based on disability.
Now replaced by the Equality Act 2010.
Summerise the Special Education Needs and Disability Act 2001
This was an amendment to part 4 of the Education Act 1996, further maintaining that children should be educated in mainstream schools where possible.
Considered a significant development in the way children with SEND were educated.
Summerise the SEN code of practice.
Describes the equal role of parents and children in any decisions related to their educational needs.
Outlines the role of the SENCO.
Extended in 2014, with emphasis placed on the importance of joint planning between education, health, and social care services.
Summerise the Mental Capacity Act 2005
This legislation ensures that individuals with SEND have the right to make their own decisions, if they have the capacity to do so.
The Mental Capacity Act Code of Practice must be considered if making a decision on behalf of someone else. Ensures decisions are made in individual’s best interests.
Three key points of the Equality Act 2010 are :
- It strengthened the protection of individuals with protected characteristics.
- Made indirect discrimination unlawful.
- Made it unlawful for an employer to ask about disability during interview.
What are the 4 key stages of supporting children, as per the SEND code of practice revised 2015
Assessment, planning, doing, and reviewing.
Four British Values:
- Democracy
- The rule of Law
- Individual Liberty
- Mutual Respect and Tolerance
What is an EHC plan?
A legal document that explains what a child’s educational, health and social care needs are, and how these will be met.
It is a key document that enables children to reach their full potential whilst in education.
Define Equality
Equality means being equal, particularly in terms of status, rights or opportunities.
Define Diversity
Having a range of different things eg different cultures, abilities and social classes.
Define Prejudice
A preconceived opinion not based on reason or actual experience.
What are Protected Characteristics?
Specific characteristics about an individual that are protected by law, they cannot be discrimated against.
The 9 protected characteristics are: Age Disability Gender Marital status Family status Race Religion Sexual Orientation Membership of the traveller community
What is a diverse society?
A society that is accepting of people from different backgrounds, where everyone is free to follow their own culture and religion. Founded on respect, differences are celebrated.
What is inclusion?
Considered a human right, applies to all regardless of ability, race or religion.
Also means giving equal access and opportunities to all individuals.
Why diversity has a positive impact on the workplace :
- Increased problem solving and creativity.
- Increased productivity.
- Individuals feel secure and valued
How diversity positively impact local community :
- Differences are celebrated, creating happier communities where everyone feels a sense of belonging.
- Members contribute and their experiences are valued.
- Prevents disengagement and unrest.
Positive impact of diversity in society :
Helps society thrive by encouraging acceptance.
Ideas from diverse cultures creates new ideas.
Acceptance means less conflict.
What is an equal opportunities policy
A manifesto that sets out an organisation’s commitment to equality, how this will be applied, and consequences of breaching the policy.
Summerise the SEND Regulations 2014
Part of the Children and Families Act 2014
Supports the use of an EHC plan.
Summerise the SEND Act 2001
Established that all children have the right to be fully included in education, and to be educated in mainstream schools if appropriate.
Makes it unlawful to treat learners less favourably due to disability.
Reasonable adjustments must be made to ensure inclusivity.
Legislation vs Guidance
Legislation is legally binding.
Guidance gives recommendations.
Summerise The Care Act 2014
Ensures local authorities promote well-being, independence and empowerment, to support individuals to retain control over their lives.
Also covers the rights of carers, to make sure caring doesn’t infringe on their own well-being.
Summarise the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
Helps avoid harm to vulnerable groups by preventing unsuitable people gaining access to them via work.
Includes the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check.
Define Safeguarding
Protecting an individual’s right to live in safety, free from abuse and neglect.
Involves providing adequate support for individuals to access care, so they can stay well and maintain a high quality of life.
Organisations must act if there is suspicions or evidence of risk of harm.
The Health and Social Care Act 2008. The 11 standards that healthcare staff need to adhere to are:
- Person centered care
- Dignity and respect
- Need for consent
- Safe care and treatment
- Safeguarding service users from abuse
- Meeting nutritional needs
- Cleanliness, safety and suitability of premises and equipment
- Receiving and acting on complaints
- Good governance
- Appropriate staffing levels
- Fit and proper persons employed
Summarise the Children Act 2004
Dictates the roles of local authorities and professionals when working with children and families.
Principles revolve around child protection.
Discusses the role of the parent or guardian and the courts, when deciding action about child protection.
8 forms of abuse are:
Physical Sexual Emotional Financial Organisational Self neglect Neglect by others Coercive control
Agencies involved in safeguarding individuals
The Care Quality Commission (CQC) The Police Safeguarding Adults Board The Court of Protection and The Office of the Public Guardian (OPG) The Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) The Department of Health Local Authorities
Benefits of inclusion for the individual
Making friends
Maintaining positive mental health
Sense of belonging
Achieving personal potential
Increased equality
Reduces challenging behaviour
Benefits of inclusion for the family of an individual with SEND
Less worry about the child’s time at school
Equal access to health services for the whole family
They feel valued and respected
Increased independence
Having their rights upheld
What is a person-centered approach?
All assessments must use a person-centered approach.
Ensures individual is involved in decision making.
Empowers them to use their strengths to create positive outcomes.
Information must be easily accessible.
Limitations to applying a person-centered approach
Old fashioned attitudes Stereotyping Lack of resources Poorly applying Mental Capacity Act 2005 Lack of willingness
Benefits of active participation
Increased physical activity Increased independence Increased social involvement Increased education and employment Development of meaningful relationships Increased well-being
Decreased likelihood of abuse and exploitation
Reduction in negative stereotyping
Decreased discrimination
What effect does disempowerment have on an individual?
Make them more reliant on others.
Cause a decline in their mental health and wellbeing.
What are 4 areas where barriers to active participation may occur?
Communication eg no staff knowing sign language, or use of jargon.
Physical eg no activities not adjusted for any impairments, or chronic pain.
Emotional / psychological eg mental health conditions or memory problems.
Logistical eg no ramp for wheelchair users, or lack of equipment.
Rules for effective alternative communication:
The following should be applied to ensure communication is positive and successful.
Find a time when an individual is alert and receptive.
Allow enough time.
Appropriate environment eg no background noise.
Keep things simple with no jargon.
Use active listening.
Ask individual to repeat things back to you, don’t ask if they understand.
Communication methods and strategies:
BSL
Makaton
Picture Exchange Communication Systems (PECS)
Communication books
Visual cues eg photos
Social stories
Comic strip conversations
Define well being, self-esteem and identity.
An individual’s sense of hope and confidence, as well as how their needs are met, and how well they experience joy and happiness.
How much worth or value an individual places on themselves.
How an individual sees themselves, who they are, and what makes them who they are.
All are intrinsically linked.
Elements of mental well-being:
Refers to how an individual:
Copes with stress
Feels in general on an average day
Expresses a range of emotions
Builds and maintains relationships
Engages in society
Feels about their future
Adapts in times of uncertainty
Some attitudes and approaches to SEN that impact well-being:
Treating every person as a unique individual.
Maintaining dignity and respect.
Respecting beliefs.
Encouraging independence.
Being non-judgemental.
Taking into account all of an individual’s needs.
Environmental contributions to well-being:
Stable family relationships
Good quality housing
Access to services and facilities
Financial stability
Having pets
Access to open spaces
Meaningful work
Living in a diverse community
Aspects of identity:
Spirituality Mental health Culture Religion Sociability Political affiliations Sexuality
What is inclusive learning?
It recognises a student’s right to an education that respects diversity, enables participation and removes barriers by considering a variety of learning needs.
It allows an individual to have meaningful engagement with the curriculum, and enables them to reach their full potential
Benefits of inclusive learning:
Encourages diversity
Fosters a sense of belonging and respect
Actively involved parents
Challenges stereotypes
Encourages holistic development
In line with the Equality Act 2010
Increased confidence and self esteem
Some different learning styles are:
Visual
Verbal
Aural
Kinaesthetic
Social
Solitary
A support programme is used to support an individual to reach their full potential. Some common forms of educational support are:
Individual Educational Programmes (IEPs)
Mobility support
Counselling
Speech and language therapy
Independent living training
One to one learning support
EHC plans
What is the 4 step plan to ensure education plans remain relevant?
Assess, plan, do, review
What is a reasonable adjustment?
Something that avoids subjecting someone to a disadvantage because of a protected characteristic, so they don’t experience a worse outcome than others.
All settings are under a legal obligation to ensure individuals don’t experience discrimination. Any requests for a reasonable adjustment must be given serious consideration, and reasons must be given if they cannot be made.
What is an EHC?
A legal document containing the child or young person’s education, health, and social care needs, and clearly outlines what support they will receive to have those needs met.
