revise MLA question learning

Question 1

When do you give dapagliflozin in pt with CKD?

Answer 1

NICE recommend dapagliflozin in patients with CKD with an eGFR of 25-75 at the time of commencing treatment, and have either:
Or urine ACR > 22.6 mg/mmol OR
T2DM

Question 2

Pathophysiology of Anaemia in CKD

Answer 2

Reduced renal production of EPO in CKD leads to anaemia

Question 3

what are the adverse effects of giving EPO

Answer 3

Hypertension with risk of hypertensive crisis
EPO induced seizures
Thrombosis (due to increased haematocrit)

Question 4

pathology of calciphylaxis in ESRF

Answer 4

Calciphylaxis describes calcific uraemic arteriopathy which occurs as a complication of ESRF
Arteriolar calcification causes occlusion which can result in painful purpura and bleeding within the affected area.
Note - warfarin can trigger calciphylaxis

Question 5

mainstay treatment of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 5

ACEi

Question 6

rhabdo long lie - myoglobin causes papillary necrosis what condition which is the commonest cause of intrarenal aki can this cause

Answer 6

ATN

Question 7

tx for epididymo-orchitis

Answer 7

Ceftriaxone 1g IM stat plus PO doxycycline 100mg BD for 14 days

Question 7

2ww criteria for referral fro bladder cancer

Answer 7

Age 45+ and have:
Unexplained visible haematuria, without urinary tract infection
Visible haematuria which persists after treatment of urinary tract infection
Age 60+ with:
Unexplained non-visible haematuria and either elevated WCC or dysuria