Revise

Question 1

Name the 4 layers of the earth and whether they are solid or liquid

Answer 1

Crust-solid
Mantle-solid
Outer core-liquid
Inner core-solid

Question 2

What causes seismic waves

Answer 2

Earthquakes

Question 3

What does the p in p waves stand for

Answer 3

Primary waves

Question 4

What does the s in S waves stand for

Answer 4

Secondary waves

Question 5

What is a transverse wave

Answer 5

A transverse wave is a vibrations or oscillations are perpendicular (at 90 degrees) to the direction of travel

Question 6

What is one example of a transverse wave

Answer 6

Light wave

Question 7

What is a longitudinal wave

Answer 7

A longitudinal wave is a vibration are parallel to the direction of travel

Question 8

What’s a example of a longitudinal wave

Answer 8

Sound

Question 9

What is the fastest seismic wave

Answer 9

P waves

Question 10

What is the slowest seismic wave

Answer 10

Surface wave

Question 11

Which seismic wave causes the most damage

Answer 11

Surface wave

Question 12

What can s waves travel through

Answer 12

Solid rock only

Question 13

Define a transverse wave and state which seismic wave is transverse

Answer 13

Vibrations which are perpendicular to direction of travel and S waves is a transverse wave

Question 14

Define p waves

Answer 14

P waves are a type of longitudinal seismic wave. They travel through solid liquid rock and are the fastest of the three seismic waves.

Question 15

Define S waves

Answer 15

Secondary waves are a type of transverse seismic wave. They travel through solid rock only and they are slower than p waves

Question 16

Define surface waves

Answer 16

Surface waves are a type of longitudinal seismic wave that travel along the earths surface. They are the slowest form of seismic wave. But they are the most destructive

Question 17

What is lag time and why does it exist

Answer 17

Lag time is the delay between p and S waves arriving at a detecting station. It exists because p waves are faster

Question 18

What is the outer and inner core of the earth formed of and what properties does it have

Answer 18

The outer and inner core of the earth are formed of molten iron and nickel and has properties of a solid

Question 19

What layer is the crust on the earth and what is it

Answer 19

The crust is the surface layer of the earth it is relatively thin and rocky.

Question 20

What layer is the mantle and what properties properties does it have

Answer 20

The mantle is a thick layer of rock below the earths crust. It has the properties of a solid but can flow very slowly

Question 21

How do Surface waves travel though the earth

Answer 21

Surface waves only travel along the surface

Question 22

How do p waves travel through the earth

Answer 22

P waves can travel through solid and liquid rock.

Question 23

How do s waves travel though the earth

Answer 23

S waves can only travel through solid rock not the liquid core.

Question 24

True or false?
Surface waves travel the fastest
S waves travel on the surface of the earth
S waves are transverse waves
P waves travel through solid and liquids
P waves are longitudinal waves
S waves cause the most damage

Answer 24

False
False
True
True
True
False

Question 25

State two differences between p and S waves

Answer 25

P waves can travel through both solid and liquid rock , S wave only solid rock. P waves are faster than S waves. And p waves are longitudinal and S waves are transverse

Question 26

Compare the seismic traces obtained at A B and C explaining any similarities and any differences

Answer 26

A:detects both p and S waves because they can both travel through the solid mantle.
The p wave will be detected first because it’s the fastest there is a time lag between them
B:detects both p and S waves in the same order. The time lag between them will be larger and they will both be detected later because they have traveled further.
C:detects p waves only, because S waves cannot travel through the liquid core.
Station c would detect the waves last because they’ve travelled the furthest. The waves will also have a lower amplitude.

Question 27

What is a epicentre

Answer 27

The point on the earths surface that is the closest to the origin of the earths earthquakes

Question 28

What does using station 1 mean

Answer 28

Using station 1 means gives many possible locations

Question 29

State the difference between surface waves and p and S waves

Answer 29

Surface waves travel along the surface p and S waves travel through the earth