reviewer : week 1 Flashcards
The Cell Theory | Cell Structures and Function
He described cells as tiny boxes or a honeycomb
Robert Hooke
The Father of Microbiology
Anton Van Luewenhoek
He discovered the nucleus.
Robert Brown
a botanist who concluded that all plants are made of cells.
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
a zoologist who concluded that all animals are made of cells
Theodore Schwann
A physician who did research on cancer cells and concluded “Omnis cellula e cellula”
Rudolf Virchow
3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory
- All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.
- All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells.
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
Cell
3 Main parts of a Cell
- Cell Membrane
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
provide a protective barrier around the cell, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Cell Membrane
provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress.
Cell Wall
repository of genetic information and as the cell’s control center, directs cell activities, and responsible for regulating almost all forms of cellular activities.
Nucleus
One primary function of the Nucleus
responsible for storing the cell’s hereditary material or the DNA.
- Surrounds nucleus
- Made of two layers
- Openings allow material to enter and leave the nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
- Made of Deoxyrinucleic Acid (DNA)
- Contain instructions for traits & characteristics
Chromosomes
- Inside nucleus
- Contains Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) to build proteins
- A spherical structure found in the cell’s nucleus whose primary function is to produce and assemble the cell’s ribosomes.
Nucleolus
- All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell. It is the medium for chemical reaction.
- Composed of water, salts and various organic molecules.
- Responsible for holding the components of the cell and protecting them from damage.
Cytoplasm
play a role in organizing microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system.
Centrioles
endoplasm that lacks ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
endoplasm that ribosomes are embedded in surface
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.
Ribosomes
Known as the “powerhouses of the cell,”
-Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
Mitochondria
It functions as a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations.
Golgi Body / Golgi Apparatus
The digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.
Lysosomes
