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Field Methods in Psychology > REVIEWER - MIDTERMS > Flashcards

REVIEWER - MIDTERMS Flashcards

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1
Q

is formalized curiosity. It is poking and prying with a purpose.

A

RESEARCH

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2
Q

An attempt to understand human experiences of themselves and the world.

A

psychological research

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3
Q

refers to a specific set of assumptions and principles about a phenomenon.

A

Theory

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4
Q

The variable that the researcher manipulates or changes to observe its effect on another variable.

A

Independent Variable

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5
Q

The outcome or the variable that is measured in the study.

A

Dependent Variables

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6
Q

Occurs when the sample selected for a study is not representative of the population being studied, leading to results that cannot be generalized.

A

sampling bias

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7
Q

Arises when the tools or methods used to collect data are faulty or flawed, resulting in systematic errors in the measurement process.

A

measurement bias

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8
Q

Occurs when the person conducting the research unintentionally influences the results due to subjective interpretation or expectations.

A

observer bias

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9
Q

Occurs when participants provide inaccurate or dishonest responses, often due to social desirability or poor recall.

A

self-report bias

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10
Q

Happens when the researcher’s expectations or preferences influence the outcome of the study.

A

experimenter bias

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11
Q

The tendency of journals to publish studies with positive results more often than those with negative or inconclusive findings.

A

Publication Bias

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12
Q

when studies with null or negative results are less likely to be published and end up in researchers’ “file drawers”.

A

File Drawer Effect

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13
Q

A type of experimental design in which although the IV is manipulated, participants are not randomly assigned to conditions or orders of conditions.

A

QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL

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14
Q

A type of experimental design and is thought to be the most accurate type of experimental research because of its main characteristic of random assignment

A

TRUE EXPERIMENTAL

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15
Q

A group in the experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment or manipulation.

A

CONTROL GROUP

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16
Q

The group that receives the
treatment or manipulation of the independent variable.

A

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

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17
Q

Broad Scope: _ cover a wide range of phenomena.

A

Theories

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18
Q

Arise from broader psychological theories and lead to the development of hypotheses.

A

research questions

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19
Q

Narrow Scope: Specific, testable predictions derived from theories.

A

Hypotheses

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20
Q

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions

A

Critical Thinking

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21
Q

Critical thinking requires __ . Instead of automatically agreeing with an argument or conclusion, a critical thinker questions it

A

skepticism

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22
Q

are elements, characteristics, or factors that can be manipulated, controlled, or measured. They represent the concepts or phenomena that researchers are interested in studying.

A

Variables

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23
Q

Disclosure of personal information to unauthorized parties, either intentionally or accidentally, can violate participants’ trust and privacy.

A

Breach of Confidentiality

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24
Q

The responsibility of an organization, researcher, or professional to protect the personal information that has been shared with them and to ensure that it is not disclosed to unauthorized parties.

A

Confidentiality

25
Q

refers to an individual’s right to control access to their personal information and to make decisions about what personal details they share, with whom, and under what circumstances.

A

Privacy

26
Q

Researchers or practitioners might unintentionally access or use personal information without the individual’s consent, such as by including sensitive details in research reports or case studies.

A

Invasion of Privacy

27
Q

misleading participants about the true nature of the study or its purpose.

A

Deception

28
Q

Researchers must conduct their work honestly and transparently, avoiding fabrication, falsification, or misrepresentation of data.

A

Integrity

29
Q

Researchers and practitioners should be sensitive to and respectful of cultural differences and ensure that their methods and approaches are culturally appropriate.

A

Cultural Sensitivity

30
Q

In professional settings, psychologists should avoid relationships that could impair their objectivity or create conflicts of interest.

A

Dual Relationships

31
Q

Function: The practical tools and procedures for gathering data.

A

Research Method

32
Q

The strategy or technique used to collect and analyze data to uncover new information or understand a topic better.

A

Research Method

33
Q

The justification and theoretical positioning for using a particular research method.

A

Research Methodology

34
Q

Function: The overall plan that explains why a certain method is employed and how it fits into the theoretical framework of the research.

A

Research Methodology

35
Q

A type of nonexperimental research in which the researcher measures two or more variables and assesses the statistical relationship between them.

A

correlational research

36
Q

• If one variable increases, the other variable increases
• If one variable decreases, the other variable decreases

A

POSITIVE CORRELATION

37
Q

• If one variable increases, the other variable decreases
• If one variable decreases, the other variable increases

A

NEGATIVE CORRELATION

38
Q

Gathering data at a SINGLE point in time.

A

Cross-sectional research

39
Q

Data is collected at MULTIPLE points in time.

A

LONGITUDINAL research

40
Q

• Done to gather evidence on people’s knowledge, opinions, attitudes, and values or various issues and concerns.
• Variables are not controlled/manipulated.

A

survey research

41
Q

__ research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when, how and why.

A

Descriptive

42
Q

is a form of qualitative research that focuses on the study of an individual’s lived experiences within the world.

A

PHENOMENOLOGICAL Research/Phenomenology

43
Q

__ stance is interpretivist. This suggests that knowledge is gained through understanding how individuals make sense of their experiences. (theory of knowledge)

A

Epistemological

44
Q

__ assumption is subjectivist. (theory of being)

A

Ontological

45
Q

Studies the meaning of past events in an attempt to interpret the facts and explain the cause of events, and their effect in the present events.

A

HISTORICAL Research

46
Q

direct accounts of events, archival data - official documents, personal records, and records of eyewitnesses

A

Primary Sources

47
Q

information from persons who didn’t witness the event ; Historical analyses, critical essays, and scholarly articles

A

Secondary Sources

48
Q

Interviews with practitioners as well as older generations who have directly
experienced these events.

A

Oral Histories

49
Q

An in-depth study of one person, group, or event. In a __, nearly every aspect of the subject’s life and history is analyzed to seek patterns and causes of behavior.

A

CASE STUDY

50
Q

Rather than starting with a hypothesis, researchers using __ aim to build a theory based on the patterns, themes, and categories that emerge from the data.

A

grounded theory

51
Q

is a study through direct observation of users in their natural environment rather than in a lab. The objective of this type of research is to gain insights into how users interact with things in their natural environment.

A

Ethnography

52
Q

A literary form of qualitative research, __ is all about collecting and telling a story or stories chronologically and in detail.

A

NARRATIVE

53
Q

The process of systematically gathering and measuring information on variables of interest.

A

DATA COLLECTION

54
Q

Qualitative Research Data Collection Methods

A

• Observation
• Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
• Interview

55
Q

Types of Interviews:

A

• Structured
• Semi-structured
• Unstructured
• Group Interview

56
Q

Follows a list of standardized questions.

A

Structured Interview

57
Q

Some standardized questions with the flexibility to ask follow-up questions.

A

Semi-structured Interview

58
Q

Less formal, with general themes rather than set questions, allowing the researcher to guide the conversation.

A

Unstructured Interview

Field Methods in Psychology (1 decks)

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