Reviewer Flashcards
Pleasure
Hedone
Explain Hedonism in simple terms
Pleasure is good, pain is evil
In Hedonism, what is our main goal
The pursuit of pleasure is our birthright
In hedonism, what type of pleasure is the best of all others because it makes life more exciting, dynamic, and worth living
Physical Pleasure
In hedonism, which time is more desirable?
Pleasure of the present
The chief aim of human life is?
Pleasure
In the self-centered moral philosophy, what is the greatest good and the highest pleasures?
Greatest good - Peace of mind
Highest pleasures - Intellectual
He said that everything that exists are made up of tiniest, indestructible and indivisible particles, known as atoms
Democritus the Atomist
What types of pleasures are rooted from desires?
Natural but not necessary
Neither natural not necessary
What is the type of pleasure not rooted from desires?
Both natural & necessary
More desires = ?
Less pleasure
What are the 8 counsels to epicurean living?
Do not fear God
Do not worry about death
Do not fear pain
Live a simple life
Pursue pleasure wisely
Make friends and be a good friend
Be honest in your business and private life
Avoid fame and political ambition
In epicureanism, the ____ of pleasure is more important than ____
In epicureanism, the quality of pleasure is more important than quantity
Hedonism was found by?
Aristippus of Cyrene
Epicureanism was found by?
Epicurus of Samos
Cynicism was found by?
Antisthenes
In cynicism, happiness could not be obtained by means of pleasure. In what way could we obtain it by this philosophy?
Happiness can come from self-discipline, rational control of all desires and appetites, and minimal contact with conventional society
In stoicism, the universe is governed by absolute law and the essential nature of the human person which is?
Reason
Stoicism = ?
“Live according to nature”
Cynic = ?
Dog
In Stoicism, morality should be guided by ____ and rest upon ____ as its foundation
In stoicism, morality should be guided by logic and rest upon physics as its foundation
In Stoicism, the world is like a?
Stage where every person is an actor who have their own roles to play, along with the Director who selects actors to play various roles
Stoics aim to attain happiness through?
Wisdom
In Aristotle’s philosophy, act is the?
Perfection of a being
In Aristotle’s philosophy, potency is the?
Capability of a being to attain another perfection
It is an act of actualizing a potentiality of the subject
Concept of Change
It is closely united with the body
Irrational Soul
It is completely independent of the body
Rational Soul
It is manifested by the activities of nutrition, growth, and reproduction
Vegetative Part
Pleasure-based desires such as eating, drinking, and sex
Epithumia
It is affective-based desires such as anger and righteous indignation
Thumos
It is the wish and desire for an end
Boulesis
It is the practical intellect which is ordained towards action and determines the appropriate means in order to attain the end
Phronesis
It is the speculative intellect which is closely connected with reason
Theoretike Dianoia
It is a purpose which is done as means for other ends
Instrumental End
It is a purpose which is done for its own sake
Intrinsic End
It is the highest happiness, and it comes from a life of reason and contemplation
Eudaimonia
It is the purpose of human action, each and everything in this world exists in some purpose
Nicomachean Ethics
It is also known as “just middle,” or any action that is done excessively or insufficiently would become unreasonable to the nature of the human being
Mesotes
What are the 3 determinants of Moral Action?
The end of an action
The intention of the agent
Circumstances
This is that to which the act naturally tends before all else or the natural purpose of an act
The end of an action
It is the reason why the agent acts
The intention of the agent
It is the condition which will certainly affect the morality of an act
Circumstances
“Action follows being”
“Agere sequitur esse”
It is the idea that it can be morally acceptable to cause an unintended negative consequence while pursuing a good outcome
Principle of Double Effect
It is the principle that states that an individual may be given the right to remove any defective part of their body if it is for the general well-being of the whole body
Principle of Totality
This principle states that the human life comes from God and no individual is the master of his own body
Principle of Stewardship
This principle states that life is God’s and has been loaned to us. No person has the right to take one’s life and that of others because life belongs to God
Principle of Inviolability of Life
This principle states that every person’s duty is to take good care of the body and the duty to be united to one another, in order to bear fruit so that the life that comes from God may be generated
Principle of Sexuality and Procreation
What are the 6 rights of a human person?
Right to life
Right to private property
Right to marry
Right to physical freedom or personal liberty
Right to worship
Right to work
What are the 6 duties of a human person?
To keep healthy and to take care of oneself
To take care of one’s property and respect the property of others
To support one’s family
To respect private boundaries
For religious tolerance
To perform at one’s best
As a rational being, a person is under a basic natural obligation to protect his life and health
Self-Preservation
It is the capacity of the human person to reason out and treat others with the same dignity and respect that he accords to himself
Just dealing with others
It states that the human reproductive organs are designed to reproduce and to perpetuate the human species
Propagation of species
It is an inner voice of God and it is the practical judgement of reason by which, a person knows what he should do
Conscience
It is the intellectual habit or disposition by which the human person is in possession of the fundamental principles of morality; Do good and avoid evil
Synderesis
God is the _____ and we are considered ____
God is the necessary being and we are considered contingent beings
It is about a man’s experience of motion or change in the universe
First Way
It is from the nature of the efficient cause
Second Way
It is taken from possibility and necessity
Third Way
It is taken from the gradation of perfection that is to be found in things
Fourth Way
It is taken from the governance of the world
Fifth Way
