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Ethics Final Exam > Reviewer > Flashcards

Reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

Pleasure

A

Hedone

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2
Q

Explain Hedonism in simple terms

A

Pleasure is good, pain is evil

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3
Q

In Hedonism, what is our main goal

A

The pursuit of pleasure is our birthright

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4
Q

In hedonism, what type of pleasure is the best of all others because it makes life more exciting, dynamic, and worth living

A

Physical Pleasure

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5
Q

In hedonism, which time is more desirable?

A

Pleasure of the present

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6
Q

The chief aim of human life is?

A

Pleasure

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7
Q

In the self-centered moral philosophy, what is the greatest good and the highest pleasures?

A

Greatest good - Peace of mind
Highest pleasures - Intellectual

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8
Q

He said that everything that exists are made up of tiniest, indestructible and indivisible particles, known as atoms

A

Democritus the Atomist

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9
Q

What types of pleasures are rooted from desires?

A

Natural but not necessary
Neither natural not necessary

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10
Q

What is the type of pleasure not rooted from desires?

A

Both natural & necessary

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11
Q

More desires = ?

A

Less pleasure

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12
Q

What are the 8 counsels to epicurean living?

A

Do not fear God
Do not worry about death
Do not fear pain
Live a simple life
Pursue pleasure wisely
Make friends and be a good friend
Be honest in your business and private life
Avoid fame and political ambition

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13
Q

In epicureanism, the ____ of pleasure is more important than ____

A

In epicureanism, the quality of pleasure is more important than quantity

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14
Q

Hedonism was found by?

A

Aristippus of Cyrene

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15
Q

Epicureanism was found by?

A

Epicurus of Samos

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16
Q

Cynicism was found by?

A

Antisthenes

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17
Q

In cynicism, happiness could not be obtained by means of pleasure. In what way could we obtain it by this philosophy?

A

Happiness can come from self-discipline, rational control of all desires and appetites, and minimal contact with conventional society

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18
Q

In stoicism, the universe is governed by absolute law and the essential nature of the human person which is?

A

Reason

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19
Q

Stoicism = ?

A

“Live according to nature”

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20
Q

Cynic = ?

A

Dog

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21
Q

In Stoicism, morality should be guided by ____ and rest upon ____ as its foundation

A

In stoicism, morality should be guided by logic and rest upon physics as its foundation

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22
Q

In Stoicism, the world is like a?

A

Stage where every person is an actor who have their own roles to play, along with the Director who selects actors to play various roles

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23
Q

Stoics aim to attain happiness through?

A

Wisdom

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24
Q

In Aristotle’s philosophy, act is the?

A

Perfection of a being

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25
Q

In Aristotle’s philosophy, potency is the?

A

Capability of a being to attain another perfection

26
Q

It is an act of actualizing a potentiality of the subject

A

Concept of Change

27
Q

It is closely united with the body

A

Irrational Soul

28
Q

It is completely independent of the body

A

Rational Soul

29
Q

It is manifested by the activities of nutrition, growth, and reproduction

A

Vegetative Part

30
Q

Pleasure-based desires such as eating, drinking, and sex

A

Epithumia

31
Q

It is affective-based desires such as anger and righteous indignation

A

Thumos

32
Q

It is the wish and desire for an end

A

Boulesis

33
Q

It is the practical intellect which is ordained towards action and determines the appropriate means in order to attain the end

A

Phronesis

34
Q

It is the speculative intellect which is closely connected with reason

A

Theoretike Dianoia

35
Q

It is a purpose which is done as means for other ends

A

Instrumental End

36
Q

It is a purpose which is done for its own sake

A

Intrinsic End

37
Q

It is the highest happiness, and it comes from a life of reason and contemplation

A

Eudaimonia

38
Q

It is the purpose of human action, each and everything in this world exists in some purpose

A

Nicomachean Ethics

39
Q

It is also known as “just middle,” or any action that is done excessively or insufficiently would become unreasonable to the nature of the human being

A

Mesotes

40
Q

What are the 3 determinants of Moral Action?

A

The end of an action
The intention of the agent
Circumstances

41
Q

This is that to which the act naturally tends before all else or the natural purpose of an act

A

The end of an action

42
Q

It is the reason why the agent acts

A

The intention of the agent

43
Q

It is the condition which will certainly affect the morality of an act

A

Circumstances

44
Q

“Action follows being”

A

“Agere sequitur esse”

45
Q

It is the idea that it can be morally acceptable to cause an unintended negative consequence while pursuing a good outcome

A

Principle of Double Effect

46
Q

It is the principle that states that an individual may be given the right to remove any defective part of their body if it is for the general well-being of the whole body

A

Principle of Totality

47
Q

This principle states that the human life comes from God and no individual is the master of his own body

A

Principle of Stewardship

48
Q

This principle states that life is God’s and has been loaned to us. No person has the right to take one’s life and that of others because life belongs to God

A

Principle of Inviolability of Life

49
Q

This principle states that every person’s duty is to take good care of the body and the duty to be united to one another, in order to bear fruit so that the life that comes from God may be generated

A

Principle of Sexuality and Procreation

50
Q

What are the 6 rights of a human person?

A

Right to life
Right to private property
Right to marry
Right to physical freedom or personal liberty
Right to worship
Right to work

51
Q

What are the 6 duties of a human person?

A

To keep healthy and to take care of oneself
To take care of one’s property and respect the property of others
To support one’s family
To respect private boundaries
For religious tolerance
To perform at one’s best

52
Q

As a rational being, a person is under a basic natural obligation to protect his life and health

A

Self-Preservation

53
Q

It is the capacity of the human person to reason out and treat others with the same dignity and respect that he accords to himself

A

Just dealing with others

54
Q

It states that the human reproductive organs are designed to reproduce and to perpetuate the human species

A

Propagation of species

55
Q

It is an inner voice of God and it is the practical judgement of reason by which, a person knows what he should do

A

Conscience

56
Q

It is the intellectual habit or disposition by which the human person is in possession of the fundamental principles of morality; Do good and avoid evil

A

Synderesis

57
Q

God is the _____ and we are considered ____

A

God is the necessary being and we are considered contingent beings

58
Q

It is about a man’s experience of motion or change in the universe

A

First Way

59
Q

It is from the nature of the efficient cause

A

Second Way

60
Q

It is taken from possibility and necessity

A

Third Way

61
Q

It is taken from the gradation of perfection that is to be found in things

A

Fourth Way

62
Q

It is taken from the governance of the world

A

Fifth Way

Ethics Final Exam (1 decks)

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