Reviewer Flashcards
1
Q
The process by which receptor cells in the sense organs SEND NERVE IMPULSES TO THE BRAIN
A
Sensation
2
Q
The process by which the BRAIN INTERPRETS THE SENSATION IT RECEIVES, giving it order and meaning
A
Perception
3
Q
The process by which STIMULI RECEIVED BY THE SENSE ORGANS ARE CONVERTED INTO ELECTRICAL NERVE
A
Transduction
4
Q
It is the SMALLEST AMOUNT OF STIMULATION needed for a person to detect
A
Absolute Threshold
5
Q
It is the SMALLEST AMOUNT OF CHANGE in a stimulus that sets it apart from another stimulus
A
Just Noticeable Difference (JND)
6
Q
It states that the JND IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE SIZE OF THE INITIAL STIMULUS
A
Fechner-Weber Law
7
Q
The process by which a sensory experience DECREASES WITH CONTINUED EXPOSURE TO A STIMULUS
A
Sensory Adaptation
8
Q
It is the process by which our vision STRENGTHENS AND BECOMES MORE SENSITIVE when there is a limited amount of light available
A
Dark Adaptation
9
Q
After being in a dark environment, our eyes adjust to an abundant amount of light
A
Light Adaptation
9
Q
It is our ability to DIFFERENTIATE AN OBJECT FROM ITS BACKGROUND
A
Figure-Ground Perfection
10
Q
It is the tendency to PERCEIVE EDGES AND BORDERS despite the absence of a physical sketch
A
Subjective Contours
11
Q
It is the tendency to ignore missing information and STILL PERCEIVE it complete
A
Law of Closure
12
Q
It is the tendency to perceive SIMILAR ITEMS AS A GROUP
A
Law of Similarity
13
Q
It is also called as the law of simplicity; it is the tendency to see COMPLEX PATTERNS IN A SIMPLE MANNER
A
Law of Pragnanz
14
Q
It is the tendency to perceive CLOSER OBJECTS AS A GROUP
A
Law of Proximity
15
Q
It is our tendency to perceive THE SMOOTHEST PATH POSSIBLE
A
Law of Continuity
16
Q
We tend to perceive items when they are in a CLOSED REGION
A
Law of Common Region
17
Q
It is our tendency to know that objects remain the SAME SIZE despite the image it project to the retina changes
A
Size Constancy
18
Q
It is our tendency to know that objects remain the SAME SHAPE despite the image it project to the retina changes
A
Shape Constancy
19
Q
It is our tendency to view objects as having CONSTANT BRIGHTNESS despite being viewed under different conditions of illumination
A
Brightness Constancy
20
Q
It is a MISINTERPRATION of sensory stimuli
A
Illusion
21
Q
It is our perception and judgement of the DISTANCE of objects
A
Depth Perception
22
Q
Parallel lines are perceived as converging in the distance
A
Linear Perspective
23
Q
The texture of a surface appears SMOOTHER AS DISTANCE INCREASES
A
Texture Gradient
24
The farther the objects are, the LESS DISTINCT they are seen due to dust, smog, or haze
Atmospheric Perspective
25
When an object overlaps another object, it is perceived as CLOSER than the one it covers
Interposition (Overlap)
26
Objects far away appear to move in the SAME DIRECTION as the observer, while closer objects move in the OPPOSITE DIRECTION
Motion Parallax
27
In order to see close objects, our eyes turn INWARD
Convergence
28
Our two eyes observe objects from slightly different positions, however, our primary visual cortex in the brain combines the two visual signals in a process called STEREOPSIS
Binocular Disparity
29
It is the awareness of our mental processes and our surroundings
Consciousness
30
It is a state in which cognitive resources are FOCUSED ON CERTAIN STIMULI IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Attention
31
CONCENTRATING ON A PARTICULAR STIMULI in the environment while ignoring others
Selective Attention
32
ATTEMPTING TO ATTEND TO TWO CHANNELS of information at the same time
Divided Attention
33
It is a state of VERY LIGHT SLEEP in which a person can easily be woken up
Stage 1
34
It is the TRANSITIONAL STATE from WAKEFULNESS TO SLEEP
Hypnagogia
35
It is the TRANSITIONAL STATE from SLEEP TO WAKEFULNESS
Hypnopompia
36
A person is DEEPENING INTO THEIR SLEEP, but may still be WAKEN UP
Stage 2
37
It is the START OF THE DEEP SLEEP, internal functions are now slowing down
Stage 3
38
It is the DEEPEST STAGE OF SLEEP and a person's muscles is most relaxed during this stage
Stage 4
39
It is a sleep disorder involving DIFFICULTY GOING TO SLEEP or STAYING ASLEEP AT NIGHT
Insomnia
40
This disorder involves CONSISTENTLY SLEEPING FOR MORE THAN 10 HOURS and then feeling fatigued afterwards
Hypersomnia
41
People with this disorder suffer from SUDDENLY AND QUICKLY FALLING ASLEEP during the day even if they do not intend to
Narcolepsy
42
People with this disorder SUDDENLY STOP BREATHING IN THE MIDDLE OF THEIR SLEEP
Sleep Apnea
43
These are experienced by children who WAKE UP IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT WITH A LOUD SCREAM FOLLOWED BY AN EMOTION OF FEAR, and then go back to sleep right after
Night Terrors
44
These are dreams in which the content is ANXIETY-PROVOKING
Nightmare Disorder
45
Sleep Walking
Somnambulism
46
Sleep Talking
Somniloquy
47
Teeth-Grinding
Bruxism
48
These are chemicals that can alter out mood, behaviors, and cognition, sometimes at an extreme level
Psychoactive Drugs
49
The use of the drug is required to maintain bodily functioning
Physiological Dependence
50
The use of the drug is required to maintain mental and emotional functioning
Psychological Dependence
51
It is a condition in which the continuous use of a drug leads to a state in which more and more of it is needed to produce the same effect
Tolerance
52
It is a strong physiological or psychological reaction that results when an individual abruptly stops taking a drug
Withdrawal
53
It is a severe condition characterized by intense cravings for the drug
Addiction
54
Activates the nervous system, producing increased activity and elevated mood
Stimulants
55
Slows down the nervous system
Depressants
56
Produces hallucinations
Hallucinogens
57
It can act as a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogen
Cannabis
58
The most common type of stimulant in the world
Caffeine
59
The second most common type of stimulant in the world
Nicotine
60
Commonly known as shabu or meth and it induces extreme alertness and wakefulness, loss of appetite, and paranoia
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride
61
It produces a surge of energy and pleasure when taken followed by a depressive state when the effects subside
Cocaine
62
It is also known as molly and is a stimulant and a hallucinogen
Ecstasy
63
It is the most common depressant in the world
Alcohol
64
This includes morphine, an analgesic that alleviates pain
Opiates
65
It is an opioid drug used to produce feelings of euphorica
Heroin
66
It is a psychedelic that produces intensified thoughts and sensations, and visual and auditory hallucinations
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
67
Household and industrial chemicals that are inhaled to produce hallucinogenic effects
Inhalants
68
More commonly known as magic mushroom and have hallucinatory effects that are sometimes divinatory or religious in nature
Psilocybin Mushrooms
69
It is a cognitive process in which the brain encodes, stores, and retrieves information
Memory
70
Converting information so that we can store it into our memory
Encoding
71
It is the process of retaining information in the brain
Storage
72
It involves accessing specific information that is needed
Retrieval
73
It is our gateway to consciousness and holds information very briefly
Sensory Memory
74
It is sensory memory pertaining to the visual domain
Iconic Memory
75
It is our sensory memory pertaining to the auditory domain
Echoic Memory
76
It is your conscious awareness or what you are currently thinking right now
Short-Term Memory
77
According to a research done by George Miller, we can only remember a maximum of __ to __ bits of information in a short period of time
Magical Number 7 Plus or Minus 2
78
It is a process in which we organize large amounts of information into smaller units
Chunking
79
It is the process of transforming short-term memory into long-term memory
Consolidation
80
It is keeping information by repeating it over and over
Maintenance Rehearsal
81
It is keeping information by associating it with something that is already stored in the mind
Elaborative Rehearsal
82
It is the library of information that stores an indefinite amount of information
Long-Term Memory
83
It is also declarative memory and it is any information that you can consciously recall
Explicit Memory
84
It is memory of personal experiences
Episodic Memory
85
It is memory of facts and general knowledge
Semantic Memory
86
It is also called non-declarative memory and it is a memory that can be recalled unconsciously
Implicit Memory
87
How we respond to stimuli
Classically Conditioned Responses
88
It is the memory of how we do things
Procedural Memory
89
Events which you can recall vividly
Eidetic
90
Devices or techniques that we can use to remember something easily
Mnemonics
91
ROYGBIV
Acronym
92
Also called as "Mind Palace" and it is the thing that you want to remember that is associated with a specific place
Method of Loci
93
It is associating a word with another word, usually the other word rhymes with the concept
Pegword System
94
It is arranging concepts into a meaningful story
Narrative Chaining
95
It states that information is forgotten because memories are simply not used
Decay Theory
96
It happens when we forget an old memory because we stored a new memory
Retroactive Interference
97
It happens when we cannot remember a new memory because old memories interfere
Proactive Interference
98
It involves motivated forgetting
Suppression
99
It involves unconscious and involuntary forgetting
Repression
100
It is a disorder that is marked by a loss of memory
Amnesia
101
It is the inability to remember past memories
Retrograde Amnesia
102
It is the inability to form new memories
Anterograde Amnesia
103
It is a condition brought by the excessive consumption of alcohol marked by both retrograde and anterograde amnesia
Korsakoff Syndrome
104
It is an old age disease that is characterized by dementia or the loss of memory and cognitive capacities
Alzheimer's Disease
105
It is any activity involving the sexual organs primarily for the function of bodily pleasure or reproduction
Sexual Intercourse
106
It is also called as arousal phase
Excitement
107
A phenomenon where pinkish to red spots appear on the skin because of an increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate during an excitement
Flushing
108
It is the increase in muscle tone
Myotonia
109
It is a phase characterized by continuous increase in blood circulation and heart rate, increased stimulation, and muscle tension
Plateau
110
It is the peak of sexual experience
Orgasm
111
It is the period after orgasm in which the muscle relaxes, blood pressure drops, and the body physiologically rests
Resolution
112
It is the time where a man cannot ejaculate after undergoing orgasm
Refractory Period
113
It is refraining from any sexual activity
Abstinence
114
It is the most common and publicly available way of safe sex practice
Condoms
115
A male sterilization method in which the vas deferens is cut in order for semen to be unable to be released when ejaculation
Vasectomy
116
It is the equivalent of vasectomy in females is in which the fallopian tube is blocked or removed
Tubal Ligation
117
It is a T-shaped copper coil put inside a woman's uterus to prevent pregnancy
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
118
These are birth control methods that regulate the release of hormones in our glands
Hormonal Contraceptives
119
These are infections that are transmitted through sexual activity, most commonly in unsafe sex practices
STIs
120
It may cause brain damage in the long run if not treated
Syphilis
121
It is a viral infection that affects the liver and it is commonly passed from mother to child, but it is also gained through sexual activity
Hepatitis B
122
It is a DNA virus that is spread through vaginal and anal sexual penetration, but may also be passed down from mother to children and it usually does not have any symptoms
Human Papillomavirus
123
It is transmitted through oral sex or unprotected sex and cannot be treated by medication but can be managed over time
Herpes/Herpes Simplex Virus
124
It is a virus that destroys the body's white blood cells
HIV
125
This happens when the immune system fails, leaving the person significantly more prone to diseases such as tuberculosis and pneumonia
AIDS
126
It refers to an individual's membership in one of two biologically distinct categories
Sex
127
It refers to the physical, behavioral, and personality traits that a society considers normal for its male and female members
Gender
128
It is how you think about yourself
Gender Identity
129
It is how you demonstrate your gender based on gender roles through the way you act
Gender Expression
130
It is objectively measurable organs
Biological Sex
131
It is who you are attracted to
Sexual Orientation
132
Ang siyang sentro ng pagkataong Pilipino
Kapwa
133
Outsider
Ibang-tao
134
One-of-us
Hindi ibang-tao
