Reviewer Flashcards
1
Q
Which gland is known as the ‘master gland’ because it regulates many other endocrine functions?
A
Pituitary gland
2
Q
What gland is located in the neck and regulates metabolism?
A
Thyroid gland
3
Q
Which gland helps regulate sleep-wake cycles through the production of melatonin?
A
Pineal gland
4
Q
What gland, located behind the sternum, plays a role in immune function?
A
Thymus gland
5
Q
Which glands sit on top of the kidneys and produce hormones like adrenaline?
A
Adrenal gland
6
Q
Which gland regulates blood sugar levels by producing insulin?
A
Pancreas
7
Q
In females, what gland produces estrogen and progesterone?
A
Ovary
8
Q
In males, what gland produces testosterone?
A
Testis
9
Q
What hormone is secreted by the Pineal gland?
A
Melatonin
10
Q
What hormone is secreted by the Pituitary gland?
A
Growth hormone
11
Q
What hormone is secreted by the Thyroid gland?
A
Thyroxin
12
Q
What hormone is secreted by the Thymus gland?
A
Thymosin
13
Q
What hormone is secreted by the Adrenal gland?
A
Adrenaline
14
Q
What hormone is secreted by the Pancreas gland?
A
Insulin
15
Q
What hormone is secreted by the Ovaries gland?
A
Estrogen
16
Q
What hormone is secreted by the Testes gland?
A
Testosterone
17
Q
What do reproductive glands of the endocrine system release?
A
Reproductive glands release sex hormones to keep the male and female reproductive systems functioning properly.
18
Q
What hormones do the testes secrete?
A
The testes secrete hormones called testosterone, the most important of which is testosterone.
19
Q
What male characteristics do testosterone hormones affect?
A
Testosterone affects many male characteristics, including the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sperm production.
20
Q
What do the ovaries of the female produce?
A
The ovaries produce progesterone.
21
Q
What do progesterone hormones cause?
A
Progesterone hormones cause the development of female sexual characteristics like breast enlargement and regulate menstruation and pregnancy.
22
Q
What gland is responsible for egg maturation?
A
Ovary
Hormone: Progesterone
23
Q
What gland provides extra strength during fires?
A
Adrenal
Hormone: Adrenaline
24
Q
What gland causes the Adam’s apple to become bigger?
A
Testes
Hormone: Testosterone
25
What gland is involved in building up the immune system?
Thymus
## Footnote
Hormone: Thymosin
26
What gland is activated by the consumption of sugar-rich foods?
Pancreas
## Footnote
Hormone: Insulin
27
What are the face changes during puberty for females?
Appearance of acne or pimples
28
What changes occur in breasts during puberty for females?
Breast development begins
29
What significant event marks the start of menstruation for females?
The start of monthly periods
30
What emotional changes are experienced during puberty for both genders?
Emotional changes and mood swings
31
What skin changes occur during puberty for both genders?
Oilier skin, possible acne
32
What causes stronger body odor during puberty?
Increased sweat production
33
How does body shape change during puberty for females?
Broadening hips
34
How does body shape change during puberty for males?
Muscle development
35
What type of hair growth occurs during puberty for both genders?
Growth of hair in armpits, legs, and pubic areas
36
What is a common physical change during puberty related to height and weight?
Rapid increase in height and weight
37
What physical marks may appear due to quick growth during puberty?
Stretch marks
38
What change occurs in the voice during puberty for males?
Voice deepens
39
What facial changes occur during puberty for males?
Growth of facial and chest hair
40
What changes occur in the penis and testicles during puberty for males?
Enlargement of the penis and testicles
41
What is dopamine known as?
Dopamine is known as the Reward/Motivation Chemical.
42
How can you increase dopamine levels?
You can increase dopamine levels by listening to music, getting moving through exercise, ensuring quality sleep, and eating enough protein.
43
What is oxytocin known as?
Oxytocin is known as the Mood Stabilizer.
44
How can you increase oxytocin levels?
You can increase oxytocin levels by having dinner with family or friends, giving or receiving a hug, dancing, and offering compliments to others.
45
What is serotonin known as?
Serotonin is known as the Love/Contentment Hormone.
46
How can you increase serotonin levels?
You can increase serotonin levels by practicing yoga, spending time in nature, being in the sun, and achieving a goal.
47
What are endorphins known as?
Endorphins are known as the Pain Killers.
48
How can you increase endorphin levels?
You can increase endorphin levels by engaging in physical activity, laughing frequently, being creative through hobbies, and enjoying dark chocolate.
49
What is the overall benefit of incorporating these activities into daily life?
Incorporating these activities into your daily life can enhance mood, boost motivation, and reduce stress.
50
What changes occur in males during puberty regarding height?
Males grow taller and their shoulders broaden due to an increase in height and shoulder width.
51
How does muscle mass change in males during puberty?
Males gain more weight and their muscles get bigger due to an increase in muscle mass.
52
What type of hair growth occurs in males during puberty?
Males experience hair growth under the arms, legs, and in the pubic area.
53
What happens to the voice of males during puberty?
The voice deepens, becoming lower and more mature.
54
What facial hair develops in males during puberty?
Males experience growth of facial hair, such as mustaches and beards.
55
When does puberty typically start for males?
Puberty usually starts later in males compared to females.
56
What begins in males during puberty related to reproduction?
Sperm production begins.
57
What skin changes occur for both males and females during puberty?
Increased oil production in the skin leads to oily skin and acne.
58
What change in body odor occurs for both genders during puberty?
There is stronger body odor due to increased sweating.
59
What is a common physical growth change during puberty?
A growth spurt occurs, leading to rapid growth in height.
60
How does self-awareness change during puberty?
Individuals start to care more about what others think, leading to increased awareness of self-image.
61
What emotional change occurs regarding attraction during puberty?
There is a growing interest in the opposite gender.
62
How does thinking change during puberty?
Individuals begin to think more like adults, developing more mature thinking.
63
What social change occurs for females during puberty?
Females spend more time with friends, showing a desire to socialize more.
64
What consideration increases for females during puberty?
Females start to consider the consequences of their actions, thinking about long-term impacts.
65
What physical development occurs in females during puberty?
Breast development begins.
66
What type of hair growth occurs in females during puberty?
Females also experience hair growth under the arms, legs, and in the pubic area.
67
How does body shape change for females during puberty?
Hips get wider as part of the development of the female body.
68
What significant biological process begins for females during puberty?
Menstruation begins.
69
When does puberty typically start for females?
Puberty usually starts earlier in females than in males.
70
What are the common changes that occur during puberty?
These include physical, emotional, and social changes for both genders.
71
What is the primary role of the endocrine system?
The endocrine system plays a vital role in the body's overall functioning by regulating various processes.
72
How does the endocrine system regulate reproduction?
It controls the release of hormones that influence the reproductive organs and processes, such as menstruation, pregnancy, and sexual function.
73
How does the endocrine system help cope with environmental changes?
The system releases stress hormones, such as adrenaline, to help the body adapt to environmental changes, including physical stress or danger.
74
What role does the endocrine system play in chemical reactions?
It influences the body's chemical reactions, such as metabolism, by secreting hormones like thyroid hormones and insulin.
75
How does the endocrine system affect mood, growth, and development?
Hormones like serotonin and dopamine regulate mood, while growth hormones and sex hormones contribute to physical growth and development during puberty.
76
What disorders can arise from imbalances in endocrine hormones?
Imbalances can lead to disorders like diabetes, thyroid problems, or reproductive issues.
77
Why is the health of the endocrine system important?
The endocrine system is a critical network for regulating many of the body's functions, and its health is essential for overall well-being.
78
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
The hypothalamus is a brain region that controls the pituitary gland and regulates vital processes like temperature, hunger, and emotional responses.
79
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
Often referred to as the 'master gland,' the pituitary gland secretes hormones that control other glands in the endocrine system, influencing growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions.
80
How does the thyroid gland function?
The thyroid regulates metabolism by releasing hormones that control the rate at which cells use energy, affecting growth, development, and body temperature.
81
What do the parathyroids regulate?
The parathyroids regulate calcium levels in the blood, which are essential for bone health, nerve function, and muscle contractions.
82
What hormones do the testes secrete?
In males, the testes secrete male sex hormones, including testosterone, which regulate the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.
83
What is the function of the adrenal glands?
The adrenal glands help trigger the fight-or-flight response by releasing adrenaline and cortisol in response to stress, preparing the body to deal with danger.
84
How does the pancreas regulate blood sugar?
The pancreas regulates blood sugar levels by producing insulin, which lowers blood sugar, and glucagon, which raises it.
85
What hormones do the ovaries secrete?
In females, the ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle and influence female sexual characteristics.
86
Why are these glands and hormones important?
These glands and hormones are essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body, influencing everything from energy production to reproduction.
87
What is the primary function of the reproductive system?
The reproductive system produces sperm in males and eggs (ova) in females.
88
What is fertilization?
The process where sperm and egg unite to form a zygote.
89
How does a fertilized egg develop in females?
The fertilized egg develops into an embryo and then a fetus inside the uterus.
90
What is the role of reproductive hormones?
These hormones regulate sexual development and function.
91
What organ is used for copulation in males?
The penis is used for copulation and delivery of sperm.
92
What organ serves for copulation and childbirth in females?
The vagina serves as the organ for copulation and childbirth.
93
What is the role of the endocrine system in reproduction?
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones that regulate reproduction and sexual development.
94
What is the primary sex hormone for females?
Estrogen is the primary sex hormone responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and regulation of the menstrual cycle.
95
What is the primary sex hormone for males?
Testosterone is the primary sex hormone responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics, sperm production, and sexual function.
96
How do the reproductive and endocrine systems work together?
They work in harmony to enable reproduction, regulate sexual development, and maintain overall health.
97
What are common symptoms of hormonal imbalance?
Common signs of hormonal imbalance include mood swings, low libido, headaches, night sweats, food cravings, acne, insomnia, tiredness, and weight gain.
98
What causes mood swings in hormonal imbalance?
Fluctuations in mood are often linked to changes in estrogen, progesterone, or other hormones.
99
What is low libido and its hormonal causes?
Decreased interest in sex, often due to hormonal changes in testosterone, estrogen, or thyroid hormones.
100
How can hormonal fluctuations lead to headaches?
Hormonal fluctuations, especially in estrogen levels, can lead to headaches or migraines.
101
What are night sweats and their common cause?
Excessive sweating during the night, often caused by menopause or other hormonal imbalances.
102
What do food cravings indicate in hormonal imbalance?
Increased cravings for certain foods, often linked to imbalances in insulin, estrogen, or cortisol levels.
103
How does hormonal imbalance cause acne?
Hormonal imbalances, particularly during puberty or menstruation, can cause breakouts.
104
What is insomnia and its relation to hormones?
Difficulty sleeping, often due to imbalances in melatonin, cortisol, or thyroid hormones.
105
What does tiredness indicate in hormonal imbalance?
Fatigue and lack of energy, possibly caused by thyroid dysfunction or adrenal imbalances.
106
How can hormonal fluctuations lead to weight gain?
Hormonal fluctuations, particularly with insulin, thyroid, or cortisol levels, can lead to unexplained weight gain.
107
What hormones are commonly involved in hormonal imbalances?
These symptoms can result from imbalances in various hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, thyroid hormones, and cortisol.
108
What should you do if experiencing symptoms of hormonal imbalance?
If you're experiencing several of these symptoms, it's essential to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.
109
What is the primary role of the reproductive system?
The reproductive system plays a vital role in the continuation of species, through the production of gametes, fertilization, and the development of a new individual.
110
What hormones does the reproductive system produce?
It produces hormones that regulate sexual development and function.
111
What is the function of the bladder in the male reproductive system?
The bladder stores urine, but does not directly play a role in reproduction.
112
What does the seminal vesicle do?
The seminal vesicle produces seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.
113
What is the role of the prostate?
The prostate produces fluid that is a component of semen, aiding in sperm motility and survival.
114
What is the function of the vas deferens?
The vas deferens are tubes that carry sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
115
What is the purpose of the urethra?
The urethra is the passage through which urine and semen exit the body.
116
What is the role of the penis?
The penis is the organ used for copulation and delivery of sperm.
117
What do testicles produce?
Testicles produce sperm and testosterone.
118
What is the function of the epididymis?
The epididymis stores and matures sperm produced by the testes.
119
Where does fertilization occur in the female reproductive system?
Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes.
120
What are fimbriae?
Fimbriae are finger-like structures at the end of the fallopian tubes that help capture the egg during ovulation.
121
What is the function of the uterus?
The uterus is the organ where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus.
122
What do ovaries produce?
Ovaries produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
123
What is the endometrium?
The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus where a fertilized egg implants.
124
What is the role of the cervix?
The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.
125
What is the function of the vagina?
The vagina is the organ of copulation and the birth canal during childbirth.
126
What does the reproductive system involve?
The reproductive system involves complex interactions between organs, hormones, and processes to facilitate reproduction and ensure the development of a new individual.
127
