REVIEWER Flashcards
The Problem and Its Background it is composed of the?
`- Background of the Study
- Statement of the Problem
- Scope and Delimitation, and
- Significance of the Study
True or False
The research title does not need to be entertaining but informative.
True
A part of the research title has the following information:
- The subject matter or topic to be investigated. (“What?”)
- The place or locale where the research is to be conducted. (“Where?”)
- The population like the respondents’ interviewees. (“Who”?)
- The time period of the study during which the data are to be collected. (“When”?)
Give me an example of a research title
- Example 1:
Subject matter: The teaching of English
Place or locale: in the high schools of Province
A Time period: during the school year 1989-1990
Population: as perceived by teachers and students - Example 2:
Subject matter: The effects of the use of cell phones on the academic performance
Population to senior high school students
Place or locale: at Department of Education
Time period: during the first semester, school year 2018-2019
What is a research problem?
The Research Problem (According to Calderon & Gonzales,1993)
A problem is “any significant, perplexing, and challenging situation, real or artificial, the solution of which requires reflexive thinking”
A problem is “any significant, perplexing, and challenging situation, real or artificial, the solution of which requires reflexive thinking”
Research problem
give the purposes of the background of the study
Its Purposes:
a. The general definition of the topic/problem area
b. Historical basis for the existence of the problem
c. Efforts made towards addressing similar challenges
d. How the efforts failed to be realized hence the need for your study
give the contents in the background of the study?
Its Contents:
a. Presentation of the problem. Describe the existence of an unsatisfactory condition or a problem that needs a solution.
b. Historical background of the problem - Give the historical background of the problem, if applicable.
c. Geographical conditions of the study locale - If applicable, describe the geographical location of the study.
d. Rationale of the study - Give the reason(s) why the study should be conducted.
what is in the first paragraph talks about in the background of the study?
First Paragraph Talks About: (Introduction)
- The setting of your study
- Introduce the issue that you will be investigating
- Effect and development of the issue
- Present who are affected by the issue
- Present some articles or legal basis proving that the issue exists
- The rationale of the study (reasons for choosing the topic and conducting the study)
- Articulate the Thesis Statement(Statement of your argument)- it is more of a personal argument or claim of the researcher; highlights the possible contribution od the study
what is in the body talked about in the background of the study?
Body Talks About: ( Presentation and articulation of the proofs to the claims)
Attack it from the vantage point of the research gap.
Example: There are senior high school students in Camarines Sur National High School who are experiencing mathematical anxiety.
2. Look for literature on the topic; if not enough literature you need to conduct initial interviews with the respondents or make actual observations
3. Combine the literature review with interviews and actual observations
4. Insert some pieces of literature that support the position
5. Give another firsthand proof.
6. Validate the observation by conducting another round of interviews/ observations
7. Provide another piece of literature that support the position
8. Solicit observations from others (e.g. teachers)
Give a example for the body in the background of the study
Example: According to records and based on the researchers’ firsthand experience with the students in some senior high schools in Camarines Sur National High School, indeed, there are students who lost interest in Mathematics. For one, while checking the daily attendance and monitoring of the students, it was observed that some of them are not always attending classes in Mathematics but are regularly attending the rest of the required subjects.
Example: With this initial knowledge in mind, the researcher conducted initial interviews with some of these students. The researcher learned that one student did not regularly attend his Math subject because he believed that he is not good in Mathematics and that no matter how he listens to the topics he will not learn.
Indeed, these are concrete proof that there are some senior high students who have mathematical anxiety.
What is in the conclusion talked about in the background of the study?
CONCLUSION (Always put a close to what you have started)
Rehashing the research gap and main goal of the study stated in the introductory paragraph.
What is in the conclusion talked about in the background of the study?
CONCLUSION (Always put a close to what you have started)
Rehashing the research gap and main goal of the study stated in the introductory paragraph.
What are The Do’s and Don’ts of Writing a Research Background Study
Do’s!
Explain the importance of your research topic
✓ Talk about the main developments and missing links and gaps in your research area
Focus on the relevant aspects of your study explaining how it will lead to the progress of scientific knowledge.
✓ Engage your findings in a chronological findings
✓ Articulate your ideas in a clear and concise manner
✓ Engage the readers by building a story around the central theme of your research
Don’ts!
o Write a background that is too long or short
o Be ambiguous in your writing, disorganized and discuss unrelated subjects.
o Forget the reader may not be familiar with the details of your work.
o Elaborate on your background literature
o Forget to provide a historical perspective
o Forget to check your target journal’s instruction for presenting the study background
Purpose Statement and Research Questions
Statement of the problem
Statement of the problems composed of?
It is composed of
1. The general statement of the problem (the purpose statement) and
2. The specific sub-problems or sub-questions (or research questions)
What are the guidelines for writing the statement of the problem
Guidelines for Writing the Statement of the Problem (According to Calderon & Gonzales,1993)
- Should be formulated first before conducting the research.
- Research questions should be stated in the interrogative and each should be clear to avoid confusion.
- Each research question should be researchable separately from the other questions and must be based on known facts and phenomena which is accessible to the researcher.
- The number of research questions should be enough to cover the development of the whole research study.
What is the example of statement of the problem?
Example:
This research aims to develop an evaluation model of a web-based tool used in test administration for Grade 11 and 12 students. (Leanillo, 2016)
Specifically it aims to answer the following questions:
1. What are the commonly used web-based tools used in test administration?
2. How are these web-based test tools evaluated?
3. How could evaluation model be designed for web-based test administration?
It is the coverage of the research to be explored which includes the facts and theories about the subject
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Scope of the study it includes?
IT INCLUDES:
- Impact of the study
- Respondents- discuss the total number of respondents and describe them
- Research timeline
- Geographical location
It limits the scope and outlines the boundaries of the study.
Delimitations of the study
Delimitations of the study includes?
- Sample size
- Lack of available and/or reliable data
- Lack of prior studies
- Chosen data collection method
- Nature of the information collected
- Access-
- Time period-
- Bias-
- Language-
This will limit the scope of analysis and the ability of the researcher to determine meaningful trends and relationships among the data.
Lack of available and/or reliable data
A. The research design and method will determine whether if it is small or large sample size
b. The sample size will determine the quality of data and the relationships that will be identified among the variables.
Sample size