REVIEWER Flashcards
The process of measuring psychology-related variables by means of devices or procedures designed to obtain a sample of behavior
Testing
The gathering and integration of psychology-related data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation through tools such as tests, interviews, case studies, behavioral observation, and other methods.
Assessment
The assessor and assessee work as partners.
Collaborative Psychological Assessment
Therapeutic self-discovery is encouraged through the assessment process.
Therapautic Psychological Assessment
Is typically employed in educational settings but also may be used in correctional, corporate, neuropsychological, clinical, and other settings. (Evaluation – Intervention – Evaluation)
Dynamic Assessment
Is a device or procedure designed to measure variables related to psychology (e.g. intelligence, attitudes, personality, interests, etc.).
Psychological Testing
The subject matter of the test. Content depends on the theoretical orientation of test developers and the unique way in which they define the construct of interest.
Content
The form, plan, structure, layout of test items, and other considerations (e.g. time limits).
Formats
Tests may require certain tasks to be performed, trained observation of performance, or little involvement by the test administrators (e.g. self-report questionnaires).
Administration
Scoring of tests may be simple, such as summing responses to items, or may require more elaborate procedures. Some tests results can be interpreted easily, or interpreted by computer, whereas other tests require expertise for proper interpretation.
Scoring and Interpretation
A reference point, usually numerical, used to divide data into two or more classifications (e.g. pass or fail). “eye ball method”
Cut Score
Is the science of psychological measurement. The psychometric soundness of a test depends on how consistently and accurately the test measures what it purports to measure. Test users are sometimes referred to as psychometrists or psychometricians.
Technical Quality or Psychometric Soundness
A file containing the products of one’s work. May serve as a sample of one’s abilities and accomplishments
Portfolio
Information preserved in records, transcripts, or other forms. May include files maintained by at institutions and agencies such as schools, hospitals etc
Case History Study
Monitoring the actions of people through visual or electronic mean
Behavioral Observation
Assessees are directed to act as if they were in a particular situation. Useful in evaluating various skills.
Role Play Tests
Can assist in test administration, scoring, and interpretation.
Computers as tools
Is obtained by correlating two pairs of scores obtained from equivalent halves of a single test administered once.
Split-half reliability
Coefficient of stability
Test-retest reliability
For each form of the test, the means and the variances of observed test scores are
Parallel forms
Incorporates considerations of item difficulty and discrimination
Item response theory
Different test developers may define and measure constructs in different ways.
Traits and States Can Be Quantified and Measured
Coefficient of equivalence
Parallel-Forms or Alternate-Forms
An estimate of reliability obtained by correlating pairs of scores from the same people on two different administrations of the same test
Test-retest reliability
The degree of agreement or consistency between two or more scorers with regard to a particular measure.
Inter-scorer reliability
Are the test performance data of a particular group of testtakers that are designed for use as a reference when evaluating or interpreting individual test scores.
Norms
Refers to a long-standing assumption that factors other than what a test attempts to measure will influence performance on the test.
Error
Is an index of reliability, a proportion that indicates the ratio between the true score variance on a test and the total variance.
Reliability coefficient
The test measures what it purports to measure
Validity
“Any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another”
Trait
Competent test users understand and appreciate the limitations of the tests they use as well as how those limitations might be compensated for by data from other sources.
Test have strengths and weaknesses
All of the factors associated with the process of measuring some variable, other than the variable being measured.
Measurement error
Reliability is checked by administering two forms of a test to the same group. Scores may be affected by error related to the state of test takers (e.g. practice, fatigue, etc.) or item sampling.
Split-half Reliability
The consistency of the measuring tool: the precision with which the test measures and the extent to which error is present in measurements.
Reliability
The obtained sample of behavior is expected to predict future behavior.
Test-Related Behavior Predicts Non-Test-Related Behavior
An informed, scientific concept developed.
Constructs
Distinguish one person from another but are relatively less enduring
State
Refers to the usefulness or practical value that a test or other tool of assessment has for a particular purpose.
Utility
A method of computing correlation when both variables are linearly related and continuous.
Pearson R
Difficulty relates to an item not being easily accomplished, solved, or comprehended.
Item Response Theory
Introduced a test designed to measure adult intelligence
David Wechsler
Perhaps the most widely used model of true score due to its simplicity.
Classical test theory
May be defined as the science of psychological measurement.
Pyschometrics
Samples of one’s ability and accomplishment, a portfolio may be used as a tool of evaluation.
Portfolio
His study spurred scientific interest in individual differences.
Charles Darwin
- In the ______________ approach, therapeutic self-discovery and new understandings are encouraged throughout the assessment process.
Therapautic Pyschological Assessment
Refers to an interactive approach to psychological assessment that usually
follows a model of (1) evaluation, (2) intervention of some sort, and (3) evaluation.
Dynamic Assessment
Based on the idea that a person’s test scores vary from testing to testing because of variables in the testing situation.
Generalizability theory
The psychologist who is credited with coining the term “mental test”
Emil Kraepelin
She/He did not define intelligence explicitly but he instead described various components of intelligence.
Alfred Binet
Conceptualized intelligence as “the aggregate…capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment.”
David Wechsler
Four factors of WAIS III
Verbal Comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory and processing speed
Two factors of intelligence
“g” factors and “s” factors
Other issues of “Intelligence”
Unrealistic Expectations
Understanding of people’s potential
Low Confidence
A group of statistical techniques designed to determine the existence of underlying relationships between sets of
variables
Simple Biviariate Correlation
