REVIEWER Flashcards
1
Q
- The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
- It tries to identify which traits are inherited, and to explain how these traits are passed from generation to generation
A
GENETICS
2
Q
- Process of the formation of gametes, specifically spermatogenesis in male, oogenesis in females.
A
GAMETOGENESIS
3
Q
- Both process takes place during their development called puberty
A
GAMETOGENESIS
4
Q
When the gametogenesis take place
A
Puberty
5
Q
- Produces unlimited number of sperm cells
A
SPERMATOGENESIS
6
Q
How many sperms are produced in a
Second
Minute
Hour
Day
A
1500
90,000
54,000,000
129,600,000
7
Q
How many egg cells are produced
A
e g g (one)
8
Q
- The fusion of the sperm and the egg, also known as “Fertilization”.
A
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
9
Q
Flower-bearing plants undergo the same kind of reproduction
A
- ANGIOSPERMS
10
Q
Male reproductive part that contains Pollen (sperm)
A
- STAMEN
11
Q
Female reproductive part that contains Ovules (eggs) in the ovary
A
- PISTIL
12
Q
sperm of a plant
A
pollen
13
Q
How do plants pollinate?
A
By nature
By insects
By water
By wind
ETC.
14
Q
Sex nang plants :O
A
Pollination
15
Q
- The pollen containing the sperms is transferred usually by insects as pollinators or simple by nature to the stigma of the pistil.
A
POLLINATION
16
Q
- Cells that undergo meiosis or gamete formation are the germ cells. Found in the reproductive system still having a total number of 46 chromosomes
A
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME
17
Q
- The pair of chromosomes contains the heredity traits found in genes
A
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME
18
Q
- Combination of a trait from each parent
A
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME
19
Q
- 1-22 Pairs are the body chromosomes that are not involved in making gender.
A
AUTOSOMES
20
Q
- Also called Homologous chromosome pairs
A
AUTOSOMES
21
Q
- 23rd pair that determines the gender
A
SEX CHROMOSOME
22
Q
How many sets of chromosomes are found in a human body?
How many Chromosome are in total?
A
23 pairs
46 total
23
Q
What is the sex chromosome of a
Male
Female
A
Male: XY
Female: XX
24
Q
- An ordered, visual representation of ALL chromosomes in a human cell
A
KARYOTYPE
25
- Father of Genetics
- Austrian botanist monk
- First person to lay the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics (Mandelism)
GREGOR MENDEL
25
- Father of Genetics
- Austrian botanist monk
- First person to lay the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics (Mandelism)
GREGOR MENDEL
26
- Captain alleles are Dominant
- When parents with pure, contrasting traits are crossed together, only one form of the trait appears in the next generation
LAW OF DOMINANCE
27
- Each individual that is a diploid has a pair of alleles (copy) for a particular trait.
LAW OF SEGREGATION
28
- Each parent passes an allele at random to their offspring resulting in a diploid organism.
LAW OF SEGREGATION
29
- Genes pair will separate during the formation of egg or sperm cells.
LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
30
- The delivery of characteristics from parents to offspring
HEREDITY
31
- Scientific study of heredity
GENETICS
32
- Key to understand what makes each organism unique
GENETICS
33
- Transmission of traits from one generation to another
INHERITANCE
34
- A distinctive/structural or functional feature determined by a gene or a group of genes
CHARACTER/CHARACTERISTICS
35
- Specific characteristics that varies from one individual to another
TRAIT
36
Why did gregor mendel chose peas
1. It was easy to cultivate for a short time
2. They self-pollinate normally
3. It could be crossed by hand
37
- During sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join in a process known as Fertilization to produce a new cell.
THE ROLE OF FERTILIZATION
38
- In peas, this new cell develops into a tiny embryo encase within a seed
THE ROLE OF FERTILIZATION
39
- Mendel based his law on his studies of garden pea plants.
MENDES PEA PLANT
40
- Pea plants reproduce rapidly, and have many visible traits such as:
* Plant Height
* Seed Colo
* Pod Shape
* Pod Color
* Seed Shape
41
- Offspring that had a form of a trait exactly like the parent plant
PUREBRED
42
- Scientific term for purebred
HOMOZYGOUS
43
- Crossed purebred plants with opposite forms of a trait
PARENTAL GENERATION/P GENRATION
44
- When none resembles the short short parent. All of the offspring grew taller.
FIRST FILIAL/F1 GENERATION
45
what does filial mean in latin
Son
46
- Mendel’s second conclusion
- Some alleles are dominant and other are recessive
PRICIPLE OF DOMINANCE
47
- Different forms of a gene
ALLELE
48
- Mask or hide other allele, such as the “tall” allele
Dominant Allele or Dominant Trait
49
- “Short” allele, is masked or covered up whenever the dominant allele is present
RECESSIVE ALLELE
50
- When both alleles for a trait are present
HYBRID ALLELES
51
What do we call hybrid alleles today?
Heterozygous
52
- The hybrid of two Individuals with homozygous genotypes which results in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait
Monohybrid cross
53
- More complex by “easily” following priciples of segregation, independent assortment, and probability
TRIHYBRID CROSS
54
- Use to analyzed the Trihybrid cross
FORKED-LINE METHOD
55
- Calculating probability of making a specific gamete
PROBABILITY METHOD
56
- A valuable tool but not a deal for every genetic problem
PUNNETT SQUARE
57
- Mathematical measures of likelihood
PROBABILITIES
58
extra chromosome 21
down syndrome or trisomy 21
59
An extra x chromosome in male
Klinefelter's syndrome or XXY
60
The result of monosomy X, producing an Xo karyotype
Turners Syndrome or Monosomy X
61
A problem with chromosome 18
Edward's Syndrome or Trisomy 18
62
A problem with chromosome 13
Patau Syndrome or Trisomy 13
63
An inherited blood disease where hemoglobin clumps together, causes red blood cells to stiffen and curl into a sickle/crescent shape
Sickle Cell Anemia (Recessive)
64
– Affects mostly people European descent
- Excess mucus in lungs, digestive track, and liver
Cystic Fibrosis (Recessive)
65
– Affects mostly people European descent
- Excess mucus in lungs, digestive track, and liver
Cystic Fibrosis (Recessive)
66
– Lipid accumulation in brain cells, mental retardation
Tay-Sachs
67
recessive disorders (By Mutation)
Skin cell Anemia
Cystic Fibrosis
Maple syrup urine disorder
Tay-Sachs
Congenital Hyphothyroidism
68
Dominant disorders (By mutation)
Huntington's disease
Achondroplasia
69
Deterioration of nervous system, uncontrollable movements
– No obvious phenotyphic effects, until about 35 – 40 years of age
Huntington’s Disease
70
Form of dwarfism, lethal when homozygous for the dominant allele
Achondroplasia
