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General Biology 2 > REVIEWER > Flashcards

REVIEWER Flashcards

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1
Q
  • The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
  • It tries to identify which traits are inherited, and to explain how these traits are passed from generation to generation
A

GENETICS

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2
Q
  • Process of the formation of gametes, specifically spermatogenesis in male, oogenesis in females.
A

GAMETOGENESIS

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3
Q
  • Both process takes place during their development called puberty
A

GAMETOGENESIS

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4
Q

When the gametogenesis take place

A

Puberty

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5
Q
  • Produces unlimited number of sperm cells
A

SPERMATOGENESIS

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6
Q

How many sperms are produced in a

Second
Minute
Hour
Day

A

1500
90,000
54,000,000
129,600,000

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7
Q

How many egg cells are produced

A

e g g (one)

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8
Q
  • The fusion of the sperm and the egg, also known as “Fertilization”.
A

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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9
Q

 Flower-bearing plants undergo the same kind of reproduction

A
  • ANGIOSPERMS
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10
Q

 Male reproductive part that contains Pollen (sperm)

A
  • STAMEN
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11
Q

 Female reproductive part that contains Ovules (eggs) in the ovary

A
  • PISTIL
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12
Q

sperm of a plant

A

pollen

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13
Q

How do plants pollinate?

A

By nature
By insects
By water
By wind
ETC.

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14
Q

Sex nang plants :O

A

Pollination

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15
Q
  • The pollen containing the sperms is transferred usually by insects as pollinators or simple by nature to the stigma of the pistil.
A

POLLINATION

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16
Q
  • Cells that undergo meiosis or gamete formation are the germ cells. Found in the reproductive system still having a total number of 46 chromosomes
A

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME

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17
Q
  • The pair of chromosomes contains the heredity traits found in genes
A

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME

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18
Q
  • Combination of a trait from each parent
A

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME

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19
Q
  • 1-22 Pairs are the body chromosomes that are not involved in making gender.
A

AUTOSOMES

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20
Q
  • Also called Homologous chromosome pairs
A

AUTOSOMES

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21
Q
  • 23rd pair that determines the gender
A

SEX CHROMOSOME

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22
Q

How many sets of chromosomes are found in a human body?

How many Chromosome are in total?

A

23 pairs
46 total

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23
Q

What is the sex chromosome of a

Male
Female

A

Male: XY
Female: XX

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24
Q
  • An ordered, visual representation of ALL chromosomes in a human cell
A

KARYOTYPE

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25
Q
  • Father of Genetics
  • Austrian botanist monk
  • First person to lay the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics (Mandelism)
A

GREGOR MENDEL

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25
Q
  • Father of Genetics
  • Austrian botanist monk
  • First person to lay the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics (Mandelism)
A

GREGOR MENDEL

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26
Q
  • Captain alleles are Dominant
  • When parents with pure, contrasting traits are crossed together, only one form of the trait appears in the next generation
A

LAW OF DOMINANCE

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27
Q
  • Each individual that is a diploid has a pair of alleles (copy) for a particular trait.
A

LAW OF SEGREGATION

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28
Q
  • Each parent passes an allele at random to their offspring resulting in a diploid organism.
A

LAW OF SEGREGATION

29
Q
  • Genes pair will separate during the formation of egg or sperm cells.
A

LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

30
Q
  • The delivery of characteristics from parents to offspring
A

HEREDITY

31
Q
  • Scientific study of heredity
A

GENETICS

32
Q
  • Key to understand what makes each organism unique
A

GENETICS

33
Q
  • Transmission of traits from one generation to another
A

INHERITANCE

34
Q
  • A distinctive/structural or functional feature determined by a gene or a group of genes
A

CHARACTER/CHARACTERISTICS

35
Q
  • Specific characteristics that varies from one individual to another
A

TRAIT

36
Q

Why did gregor mendel chose peas

A
  1. It was easy to cultivate for a short time
  2. They self-pollinate normally
  3. It could be crossed by hand
37
Q
  • During sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join in a process known as Fertilization to produce a new cell.
A

THE ROLE OF FERTILIZATION

38
Q
  • In peas, this new cell develops into a tiny embryo encase within a seed
A

THE ROLE OF FERTILIZATION

39
Q
  • Mendel based his law on his studies of garden pea plants.
A

MENDES PEA PLANT

40
Q
  • Pea plants reproduce rapidly, and have many visible traits such as:
A
  • Plant Height
  • Seed Colo
  • Pod Shape
  • Pod Color
  • Seed Shape
41
Q
  • Offspring that had a form of a trait exactly like the parent plant
A

PUREBRED

42
Q
  • Scientific term for purebred
A

HOMOZYGOUS

43
Q
  • Crossed purebred plants with opposite forms of a trait
A

PARENTAL GENERATION/P GENRATION

44
Q
  • When none resembles the short short parent. All of the offspring grew taller.
A

FIRST FILIAL/F1 GENERATION

45
Q

what does filial mean in latin

A

Son

46
Q
  • Mendel’s second conclusion
  • Some alleles are dominant and other are recessive
A

PRICIPLE OF DOMINANCE

47
Q
  • Different forms of a gene
A

ALLELE

48
Q
  • Mask or hide other allele, such as the “tall” allele
A

Dominant Allele or Dominant Trait

49
Q
  • “Short” allele, is masked or covered up whenever the dominant allele is present
A

RECESSIVE ALLELE

50
Q
  • When both alleles for a trait are present
A

HYBRID ALLELES

51
Q

What do we call hybrid alleles today?

A

Heterozygous

52
Q
  • The hybrid of two Individuals with homozygous genotypes which results in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait
A

Monohybrid cross

53
Q
  • More complex by “easily” following priciples of segregation, independent assortment, and probability
A

TRIHYBRID CROSS

54
Q
  • Use to analyzed the Trihybrid cross
A

FORKED-LINE METHOD

55
Q
  • Calculating probability of making a specific gamete
A

PROBABILITY METHOD

56
Q
  • A valuable tool but not a deal for every genetic problem
A

PUNNETT SQUARE

57
Q
  • Mathematical measures of likelihood
A

PROBABILITIES

58
Q

extra chromosome 21

A

down syndrome or trisomy 21

59
Q

An extra x chromosome in male

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome or XXY

60
Q

The result of monosomy X, producing an Xo karyotype

A

Turners Syndrome or Monosomy X

61
Q

A problem with chromosome 18

A

Edward’s Syndrome or Trisomy 18

62
Q

A problem with chromosome 13

A

Patau Syndrome or Trisomy 13

63
Q

An inherited blood disease where hemoglobin clumps together, causes red blood cells to stiffen and curl into a sickle/crescent shape

A

 Sickle Cell Anemia (Recessive)

64
Q

– Affects mostly people European descent
- Excess mucus in lungs, digestive track, and liver

A

 Cystic Fibrosis (Recessive)

65
Q

– Affects mostly people European descent
- Excess mucus in lungs, digestive track, and liver

A

 Cystic Fibrosis (Recessive)

66
Q

– Lipid accumulation in brain cells, mental retardation

A

 Tay-Sachs

67
Q

recessive disorders (By Mutation)

A

Skin cell Anemia
Cystic Fibrosis
Maple syrup urine disorder
Tay-Sachs
Congenital Hyphothyroidism

68
Q

Dominant disorders (By mutation)

A

Huntington’s disease
Achondroplasia

69
Q

Deterioration of nervous system, uncontrollable movements
– No obvious phenotyphic effects, until about 35 – 40 years of age

A

 Huntington’s Disease

70
Q

Form of dwarfism, lethal when homozygous for the dominant allele

A

 Achondroplasia

General Biology 2 (1 decks)

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