Reviewer

Question 1

What did ancient Chinese believe on the cause of earthquakes?

Answer 1

they believed a gigantic mythical frog that was holding the earth was scratching its leg, causing an earthquake.

Question 2

What did muslims believe on the cause of a earthquake?

Answer 2

they believed that it meant that a sultan was about to die.

Question 3

What did the Catholic Church believe on what caused earthquakes?

Answer 3

they believed that it was god’s punishment for all of our sins.

Question 4

Where was the earthquake that changed history located in the age of reason?

Answer 4

it was located in Lisbon; Portugal. many houses and building were destroyed due to the earthquake.

Question 5

why did people start questioning the Catholic Church after the earthquake?

Answer 5

they started questioning the Catholic Church as it was November 1, a day where everyone was in church worshipping god. it lead to people wondering on why god would make a disaster happen on that day as everyone was in church worshipping gods.

Question 6

what happened during the age of reason aka age of light.

Answer 6

the age of reason/age of light is a time where old ideas and beliefs were starting to get exposed.

Question 7

what was a salon during the age of reason?

Answer 7

a salon was where social gatherings held by the elite were held.

Question 8

What was Thomas Hobbes contribution to philosophy?

Answer 8

known for his book “leviathan”

Question 9

who said the quote “Man by nature is selfish…” and what does this quote mean?

Answer 9

Thomas Hobbes was the philosopher who stated this quote. Thomas Hobbes saw that ever since we were born, we were already selfish.

Question 10

who said the quote “…and therefore is in constant
struggle with other men for survival and dominance.” and what does this quote mean?

Answer 10

Thomas Hobbes was the one who said that quote. the meaning of the quote is that men would do anything to get what they wanted. we are all selfish.

Question 11

who said the quote “Order is more important
than the rights of humans.” and what does this quote mean?

Answer 11

Thomas Hobbes was the one who said that quote. The quote meant that rules were more important than order. Right now, we can literally wreck havoc but we aren’t as there are laws and order. without them, the world would be in chaos.

Question 12

Who said “Tabula Rasa” What does it mean?

Answer 12

John Locke was the one who said “Tabula Rasa” The meaning being “clean slate” a supposed condition at empiricists have attributed to the human mind before ideas have been imprinted on it by the reaction of the senses to the external world of objects

Question 13

Who said “Man has the ability to learn
from EXPERIENCE and through his own development!”

Answer 13

John Locke said that, for me, I believe that it meant that with experience and through development, you’ll have the ability to learn a certain skill, etc.

Question 14

Who said “Man has Natural Rights! Right to life, liberty, and property.”

Answer 14

John Locke said that quote, it meant that rights are God-given and cannot ever be taken away or given away.

Question 15

What was John Locke famous for?

Answer 15

He was famous for being a founder of a school of thought known as British Empiricism.

Question 16

What was John Locke’s contribution.

Answer 16

His contribution was the ideas of natural law, social contract, religious toleration, and the right to revolution

Question 17

Give a brief summary on John Locke’s philosophy.

Answer 17

John Locke’s philosophy was that virtue can be learned and practiced. All human beings posses natural rights. Obedience should not be thought out of fear, but out of conviction, having free will.

Question 18

What was Baron Charles de
Montesquieu famous for?

Answer 18

He was famous for the spirit of laws. It in Baron Charles de Montesquieu famous work where in he reflects in the influence of climate society, separation of political powers, etc.

Question 19

How did Baron Charles de
Montesquieu contribute to our world?

Answer 19

He contributed by the articulation of the theory of separation of powers. The theory of separation of powers refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.

Question 20

what was Jean Jacques Rousseau famous for?

Answer 20

he was famous for his contribution on the social contract theory.

Question 21

What was Voltaire also known as?

Answer 21

Also known as Francois Marie Arouet.

Question 22

What was Voltaire’s contribution.

Answer 22

Voltaire’s contribution was the Essay on the Customs
and Spirit of Nations,
1756, Candide, 1759, and Philosophical Dictionary, 1764.

Question 23

Who said “No to democracy!” and what is the meaning behind it?

Answer 23

Voltaire said “No to democracy!” it meant that votes, and etc. Should not be voted in the power of the people. People are sometimes blind, for example, there’s a political running for president, though, there’s a not-so experienced politician running for president. If the not-so experience politician was famous, well known, it would be him who gets the role of the president instead of a well experienced politician. voting on the power of people is not fair towards people who work hard, and people who didn’t dedicate their entire lives.

Question 24

Who said “The common people were incapable of governing themselves.” and what does it mean?

Answer 24

Voltaire said that quote. In my opinion, this quote meant that people who weren’t educated, or experienced are not able to take care, and think well, for themselves.

Question 25

Who said “The ruler must be familiar with the teachings of the philosophies and respected the people’s rights.” and what does this mean?

Answer 25

Voltaire was the person who said that quote. In my opinion, this quote meant that a ruler should know the teachers of philosophy and respect peoples opinions and rights.

Question 26

Give a short summary of Voltaire’s wisdom.

Answer 26

Voltaire said that you should judge a man based on his questions rather than the answers for the questions. Prejudice is opinion without judgment.

Question 27

Who said “All things must be examined,
debated, investigated without
exception and without regard for
anyone’s feelings.” What does it mean?

Answer 27

Denis Diderot was the person who said that. It meant that everything, should be examined and should not be proven true until it has been proved to be true. no speculations should be made.

Question 28

Who said “We will speak against senseless
laws until they are reformed; and,
while we wait, we will abide by
them.” what does this quote mean?

Answer 28

Denis Diderot was the one who said this quote. The meaning of this quote in my opinion, is that they would speak up against laws that seem pointless or unfair, and while it has not been fixed, we have no choice but to abide by those laws.

Question 29

What was Denis Diderot’s contribution?

Answer 29

He connected the newest scientific trends to radical philosophical ideas such as materialism.

Question 30

Who said the quote “No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the are poor and miserable.” what does this quote mean?

Answer 30

Adam Smith was the one who said that quote. for me, it meant that society cannot be happy if majority of the population are in poverty.

Question 31

What was Adam Smith’s contribution in the age of reason?

Answer 31

His contribution was the groundbreaking 1776 book on economics called An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

Question 32

What were the effects of the enlighten despots?

Answer 32

Enlightened despots held that royal power was based on a social contract, which strengthened their authority by improving the lives of their subjects.

Question 33

What did Frederick II do?

Answer 33

He abolished the capital punishment and limited force labor services. He cultivated new crops, distributed seeds and potatoes.

Question 34

Contributions of Frederick II

Answer 34

Frederick II supported arts, philosophers, and freedom of the press and literature.

Question 35

what was Catherine The Great’s contribution.

Answer 35

Catherine II’s enlightened despotism focused on arts, sciences, and education, while maintaining military conscription and serfdom.

Question 36

what as Maria Theresa contribution?

Answer 36

Maria Theresia implemented reforms to improve Austria’s military and bureaucratic efficiency.

Question 37

what was Joseph II contribution?

Answer 37

Joseph attempted to modernize the legal system, end censorship of the press and theater, and continue his mother’s reforms in education and medicine.

Question 38

Who proposed the “Heliocentric Model”

Answer 38

Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model.

Question 39

Who developed the 3 laws of planetary motion?

Answer 39

Johannes Kepler developed the 3 laws of planetary motion.

Question 40

Who invented the following:

• Invented Scientific Method
• Empiricism – knowledge through
  experience
• Inductive Method

Answer 40

Sir Francis Bacon invented the following.

Question 41

What was the difference with inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.

Answer 41

The difference between those two types of reasoning is that deductive reasoning starts by making a theory - > make a prediction - > start an experiment while inductive reasoning starts the opposite way on how deductive reasoning starts.

Question 42

who said “I think, therefore I am.”

Answer 42

René Descartes said “I think; therefore I am” was the end of the search Descartes conducted for a statement that could not be doubted. He found that he could not doubt that he himself existed, as he was the one doing the doubting in the first place. In Latin (the language in which Descartes wrote), the phrase is “Cogito, ergo sum.”

Question 43

Who said “Man’s capacity to think defines
his nature as a human being.” what does it mean?

Answer 43

Rene Descartes was the one who stated that quote. In my opinion, this quote meant that Man has the capacity to define our nature.