REVIEWER Flashcards
an exchange of information from sender to the receiver with the message being understood as intended by the sender
COMMUNICATION
3 WAYS TO THINK ABOUT COMMUNICATION
- Communication as an action
- Communication as an interaction
- Communication as meaning construction
the transformation of information from one person to another through the use of symbol and accompanying meaning
Communication as an action
- the exchange of information between two or more individuals through the symbols and their accompanying meaning
Communication as an interaction
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
- Intrapersonal Communication
2.Interpersonal Communication - Group Communication
4.Public Communication - Mass Communication
communication with oneself using internal vocalization or reflective thinking
Intrapersonal Communication
communication between people
Interpersonal Communication
communication among three or more people interacting to achieve a shared goal
Group Communication
a sender-focused form of communication in which one person is typically responsible for conveying information to an audience.
Public Communication
transmitted to many people through print or electronic media
Mass Communication
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
- Verbal Communication
- Non-Verbal Communication
- Written Communication
- Visual Communication
- Audio-Visual Communication
work
FORMAL
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
a. Vertical- Information flows freely up and down the organizational structure
b. Horizontal -communication flows across a structure
c. Diagonal - all levels communicate with one another in any direction
speaking with friends
Informal
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
1. Organizational/Functional
2. Improves coordination - reduces logical gaps
3. Encourages Cooperation
4. Generates a greater sense of organizational commitment and involvement
5. Gives a direction - task and activities
6. Speeds up the organizational process
7. Boost Morale and empowerment
8. Decision making aid
9. A problem solving tool
10. Better focus on customer requirements
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
- PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRACTORS
- PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
- PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
- SOCIAL BARRIERS
- CULTURAL BARRIERS
- SEMANTIC/LANGUAGE BARRIERS
- EMOTIONAL BARRIERS
HOW TO OVERCOME BARRIERS
For the Sender:
- Be clear about the message to be sent
- Be precise to the point
- Do not be verbose
- Use a language that is understandable to the receiver
- Write the message if required
- Request a feedback to ensure receipt of message
HOW TO OVERCOME BARRIERS
For the receiver:
- Be attentive
- Concentrate on the message
- Ask for clarifications whenever required
- Listen objectively
- ‘Listen’ for body language
- Make notes if required
an element or a physical factor that acts as a distraction to hinder the flow of communication
PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRACTORS
can be natural or human-made
PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRACTORS
-Noise, bad architecture and closed doors,
- thunder, lightning, heavy rains, hot and cold temperatures
PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRACTORS
related with the limitations of the human body
PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
ill-health, poor eye sight, or hearing difficulties
PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
state of mind that can jeopardize the process of communication including memory, attention, and perception
PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
include the social psychological phenomenon of conformity, a process in which the norms, values, and behaviors of an individual begin to follow those of the wider group
SOCIAL BARRIERS
age, gender, socioeconomic status, and marital status
SOCIAL BARRIERS
often arises whenindividuals in one
social group have developed different norms, values, or behaviors to individuals associated with another group
CULTURAL BARRIERS
Language, jargon, slang, etc.,
SEMANTIC/LANGUAGE BARRIERS
channels where the person who is talking can be seen and heard by the audience
- ex: meetings, video conferences
Physical Media
- written or electronic channels
- e.g.: e-mail, sms, social media, magazines, letters
. Mechanical Media
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
- Plan your communication
- choose the medium
- Remove barriers
- Active Listening
- Feedback
Remove barriers
a. Seek first to understand then to be understood
b. Empathize with other people
c. Values, belief, needs and sentiments
d. Use a common language
e. Clarify ideas before communicating
f. Remove all prejudices
g. Overcome any distraction
h. Reduce length of communication channel
Active Listening
a. Listen with an open mind
b. Make an effort to understand c. Empathize d. Be aware of what is said and what was not said e. Don’t jump to conclusions..draw conclusions
Feedback
a. Check the accurate receipt of message
b. Chek action/outcome in relation with the intent of the message
c. Improve/alter message if required
IMPORTANCE OF FEEDBACK
a. Feedback is necessary to check the effectiveness of the communication
b. Feedback helps reflects upon how well the message has been encoded, transmitted and understood.
c. Feedback helps make mid-course correction if found required:
In terms of action – changing strategy
In terms of communication – changing message
HOW TO TAKE FEEDBACK
a. Ask for it if you are the sender or offer it if you are the receiver
b. Observe
c. Evaluate the results achieved as against the objectives set.
d. Be objective while giving or receiving it.
e. Focus on the task and performance aspects not the individual’s personality
the process by which twoor more individuals arrive at ostesibly shared (one common) meaning or understanding for symbolic actions
Communication as meaning construction
