Review Test

Question 0

In what climates does the fastest chemical weathering occur?

Answer 0

Warm & moist climates ☀️☔️

Question 1

Types of Weathering?

Answer 1

Chemical & Physical

Question 2

Where does chemical weathering typically occur in rocks?

Answer 2

On the surface of rocks rather than inside them

Question 3

Oxidation

Answer 3

Iron+oxygen=rust

Question 4

Hydrolysis

Answer 4

Minerals in rocks react with ions in water forming clays

Question 5

Dissolution

Answer 5

Rocks (especially limestone) react with acids in water

Question 6

Frost action?

Answer 6

Water gets into cracks- freezes- expands- enlarges the crack

Question 7

Wave action

Answer 7

Waves pound against rocks- sand and rocks in the waves help to break up the shoreline

Question 8

Stream abrasion

Answer 8

Rocks are rounded and smoothed from tumbling down the river. Such rocks downcut the streams V-shaped channel

Question 9

Wind abrasion

Answer 9

Wind causes sand to blow against rocks causing pitting

Question 10

What factors play into physical weathering?

Answer 10

Resistance (hardness) of the rock and the type of climate

Question 11

What does weathering have to do with soil?

Answer 11

Without weathering, there would be no soil, none of the minerals in soil would be there

Question 12

What causes erosion to occur?

Answer 12

Gravity- the driving force of erosion

Question 13

Agent of erosion?

Answer 13

Running water is the #1 agent of erosion

Question 14

How does running water transport particles?

Answer 14

1. In suspension
2. By floatation
3. Rolling along the bottom (saltation)
4. In solution

Question 15

The faster the streams velocity…

Answer 15

…the higher the rate of stream erosion

Question 16

Stream velocity depends on…

Answer 16

…slope, stream volume (more water=faster river), shape of channel (if it narrows velocity increases

Question 17

Straight stream=?

Answer 17

Fastest and deepest in the center

Question 18

Curved stream=?

Answer 18

Fastest and deepest on outside of curve

Question 19

If a channel becomes narrow, does that increase or decrease the rivers velocity?

Answer 19

Increases it, if a channel widens or enters a lake or ocean, then the velocity will decrease

Question 20

How do the sediments being carried by the river relate to its velocity?

Answer 20

Sediments carried in suspension always move more slowly than the water of the stream

Question 21

In a straight stream water moves fastest…

Answer 21

…at the surface in the center

Question 22

How does stream abrasion affect the rocks being carried?

Answer 22

They become rounder, smoother and smaller

Question 23

How do streams sort sediment?

Answer 23

Biggest, densest and roundest settle fastest, and therefore are on the bottom of the stream

Question 24

What are colloids?

Answer 24

The smallest particles that take the longest to settle

Question 25

What is special about salt when it is in water?

Answer 25

It never settles, but it can precipitate if the water evaporates

Question 26

Young streams…?

Answer 26

Steep and fast

Question 27

Old streams…?

Answer 27

Pearly flat slope and slow

Question 28

Very old streams…?

Answer 28

Very old streams meander

Question 29

U shaped valleys are evidence of what?

Answer 29

Glacial erosion

Question 30

V shaped valleys are evidence of what?

Answer 30

Stream erosion

Question 31

The finger lakes are what?

Answer 31

Parallel lakes made by glaciers

Question 32

Erratics are what?

Answer 32

Large boulders unrelated to the bedrock beneath them, carried there by glaciers

Question 33

Unsorted sediments

Answer 33

Till

Question 34

Kettle lakes

Answer 34

Formed when buried blocks of glacial ice melt creating a depression which fills with water (they have no rivers leading in or out of them)

Question 35

Drumlins

Answer 35

Long, narrow mounds of unsourced glacial sediment aligned in the direction of glacial movement

Question 36

3 ways to tell which direction a glacier moved

Answer 36

Direction of drumlins, direction of parallel grooves and parallel lakes

Question 37

What are the details of wind erosion?

Answer 37

Dry climates
Only small particles can be carried
Sharp, angular landscape features

Question 38

Kinetic energy is the…?

Answer 38

…energy of motion

Question 39

Potential energy is…?

Answer 39

…the energy of position

Question 40

Earth materials at high elevations have…?

Answer 40

No kinetic energy (because they aren’t moving), but high potential energy (because they are high up)

Question 41

Erosion _____ Ke by moving material and _____ Pe because _____

Answer 41

Increases, decreases, the material is always moving downhill due to gravity

Question 42

What does erosion and deposition do to the energy in materials after the process has stopped?

Answer 42

Decreases it

Question 43

If erosion is a constant process, why hasn’t the earth been worn flat?

Answer 43

Because erosion is opposed by the forces of uplift (if both forces were equal, elevation would remain constant)

Question 44

In the northeast, which is dominant, uplift or erosion?

Answer 44

Erosion, elevations are decreasing in the northeast

Question 45

Residual soils

Answer 45

Formed from the bedrock immediately beneath them and have chemical properties similar to the bedrock

Question 46

Why are residual soils rare?

Answer 46

Because erosion usually transports weathered particles far from their original location