Review Study Guide For Final Flashcards
What is government ruled by people
Democracy
What is A society in which differing opinions and parties exist freely
Pleuristic society
What is A form of dictatorship government ruled by an elite group with supreme power
Oligarchy
What is A government ruled directly by God or religious leadership
Theocracy
What is The absence of government or law
Anarchy
What is A protest against government con- centration and abuse of power in both the church and the state
Moral dissent
What is Theory of government that states that government is formed by the consent of the governed
Social contract
What is Philosophy of government that asserts that the people are the ultimate source of their government’s authority
Popular sovereignty
What is The principle of keeping each branch of government in check through the power of another branch of government with the goal of hindering the concentration of power and thus protecting personal liberty
Checks and balances
What is A principle that limits government to only those powers granted by law
Limited government
What is The redrawing of district boundaries to favor a particular party or group of people, named for Eldridge Gerry
Gerrymandering
Also called the elastic clause; constitutional clause giving lawmakers great leeway in making laws “necessary and proper” for the execution of enumerated and implied powers
Necessary and proper clause
What is The president’s power to refuse to sign a bill into law
Veto
What is The automatic veto of a bill if the president leaves it unsigned for ten days during a congressional adjournment
Pocket veto
What is Two major parties working together to support an issue
Bipartisan
What is Smallest units of election districts and party administration
Precinct
- What is Historically, a small meeting of a political party’s top leaders and legislators in Congress in order to select party nominees
- what is A meeting of all members of a party in the House or Senate
Caucus
What is A candidate who is the current officeholder
Incumbent
What is Residents of a district represented by an elected official
Constituents
What is attempting to persuade people to follow a crowd by insisting that “everyone else is voting for this candidate,” often im- plying that there is something wrong with those who do not “jump on the bandwagon”
Bandwagon
What is making broad statements that sound good but lack sub- stance, such as “My party stands for peace and prosperity” or “We will fight poverty”
Glittering generalities
What is using selective data from polls, government reports, and other sources to support one side of an issue while disregarding information to the contrary
Card stacking
What is Tactic used in the Senate to prevent or delay a bill’s passage; usually consists of one or more senators giving extended speeches
Filibuster
What is Tactics used by interest groups to influence public officials
Lobbying
What is A list of rights and warnings of which the police must inform the accused prior to questioning
Miranda rule
What is Prevents the government from establishing any religion as the official national religion; in subsequent court cases it has been interpreted as justification for a wall of separation between church and state
Establishment clause
What is Protects religious practices from government restriction within broad, reasonable boundaries
Free exercise clause
What is Governmental actions ensuring that liberties protected in the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and Amendments XI–XXVII are extended to all citizens
Civil rights
What is Protection from arbitrary govern- ment intrusion upon individual freedoms and rights
Civil liberties
What is denying someone the right to vote
Disfranchisement
Who wrote the deceleration of independence
Thomas Jefferson (1776)
What are the ten bill of rights with amendments
1) freedom of expression ( religion, speech, press, assembly, Petition)
2) right to bear arms
3) no quarrying of troops
4) no unreadable searches or seizures
5) right if the accused
6) right if the accused in criminal trials
7) right of citizens in civil trials
8) no cruel, unusual, or unjust punishment
9) unspecified rights of the people
10) reserved rights of the states
What is the preamble
We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
What is the 1st amendment
Freedom of expression
What is the second amendment
The right to bear arms
What is the 3rd amendment
No quartering of the troops
What is the 4th amendment
No unreasonable searches and seizures
What is the 5th amendment
Right of the accused
What is the 6th amendment
Right of the accused in criminal trials
What is the 7th amendment
Rights of citizens in civil trials
What is the 8th amendment
No cruel, unusual, and unjust punishment
What is the 9th amendment
Unspecified rights of the people
What is the 10th amendment
Reserved rights f the states
What is the 13th amendment
Slavery abolished
What is the 14th amendment
Citizenship defined
What is the 15th amendment
Black voting rights
What is the 16th amendment
Income tax
What is the 19th amendment
Women’s suffrage
What is the 21st amendment
Repeal of prohibition
What is the 24th amendment
Poll tax abolished
What is the 26th amendment
Eighteen years old able to vote
What are the three Branches of Government
Executive, legislative, judicial
What are the three levels of Government
Local, state, nation
What is The lower house in Congress; representation is based on state population
House of representative
What is Higher house in Congress; representation is equal for each state with each state having two senators
Senate
What is National government powers derived from powers expressly given by the Constitution
Implied powers
What is Also called expressed powers; government powers specifically listed in the Constitution.
Enumerated powers
How many states does it take to ratify an amendment?
3/4ths which is 38
What is the fixed number of representatives in the House of Representatives?
435
Explain the 3/5ths compromise?
Under this unusual settlement, slaves would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation in the House, but slave states would also have to pay taxes on them at the same rate.
Explain the code of bill H.R. 301 [110]
H.R. House of Representatives
301 number in which the bill was received
110 congressional session
What is is the name given to a series of protests in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt.
Shays rebellion
What is 1775-83. The 13 American colonies fought for independence from British rule to become the United States. Colonists were frustrated because Britain forced them to pay taxes, yet did not give them any representation in the British Parliament.
Revolutionary war
What is a war between citizens of the same country.
Civil war
What is Seven Years’ War, 1754–63. The French and Indian War was the North American conflict that was part of a larger imperial conflict between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years’ War. The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
French and Indian war
The United States went to war with great Britain
War of 1812
What is an act of the British Parliament in 1756 that exacted revenue from the American colonies by imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents. Colonial opposition led to the act’s repeal in 1766 and helped encourage the revolutionary movement against the British Crown.
Stamp act
What is a 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches.
The reformation
What is was a reaction to the Tea Act of 1773 that was passed by Parliament to save the British East India Company from bankruptcy. The Tea Act essentially eliminated all taxes on tea except the three pence Townshend tax.
Boston tea party
What is was a street fight that occurred on March 5, 1770, between a “patriot” mob, throwing snowballs, stones, and sticks, and a squad of British soldiers. Several colonists were killed and this led to a campaign by speech-writers to rouse the ire of the citizenry.
Boston massacre
What is was the formal means by which the American colonial governments coordinated their resistance to British rule during the first two years of the American Revolution.
Continental congress
What is the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789.
The articles of confederation
What is one of the most celebrated documents in English history but later interpretations have tended to obscure its real significance in 1215. This iconic document was not intended to be a lasting declaration of legal principle.
The Magna Carta
What is the revolution against James II; there was little armed resistance to William and Mary in England although battles were fought in Scotland and Ireland (1688-1689)
Glorious revolution
What is the lower house of the colonial Virginia legislature.
The house if burgesses
What is which required every town of fifty families or more to provide a primary school for its children
Old deluder satan act 1647
What is signed by 41 English colonists on the ship Mayflower on November 11, 1620, was the first written framework of government established in what is now the United States.
Mayflower compact
What is issued by the Massachusetts General Court required parents to provide for the education of their children that they might “read and under- stand the principles of religion and the capital laws of the country.
The education act of 1642
What is was the first written constitution in the New World
The fundamental orders of Connecticut 1639
What is a nation under cruel and oppressive
Tyranny
What is was the name given to the evangelical religious movement which swept America in the 18th and 19th centuries. The first wave began shortly after the arrival of European settlers in the early 1700’s and resulted in the growth of the Presbyterian, Methodist, and Baptist Churches.
Great awakening
What is a series of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.
Federalist papers
What is the prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol, especially in the US between 1920 and 1933.
Prohibition
What is (1819), the Marshall Court ruled that state taxation of the second Bank of the United States was unconstitutional, even though chartering banks was not a power specifically granted to Congress in the Constitution.
McCulloh vs Maryland
What is The Compulsory Education Act of 1922 required parents or guardians to send children between the ages of eight and sixteen to public school in the district where the children resided.
Pierce vs society of sisters
What is was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional
Brown vs board of education of Topeka
What is A New Jersey school district had passed a plan allowing the reimbursement of schools for the transportation of students to private schools. The district was acting under a statute that allowed schools to regulate the transportation of students. A state court had ruled the plan unconstitutional, but the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals reversed the decision.
Emerson vs board of education of the township of Ewing
Who is was the first President of the United States, the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
George Washington
Who is was a Founding Father of the United States, chief of staff to General Washington, one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the Constitution, the founder of the nation’s and a federalist
Alexander Hamilton
Who is wrote up a draft of the Declaration and submitted it to Congress on June 28, 1776, after Franklin and Adams had made minor changes. On July 2, Congress began debating the proposed Declaration and continued until July 4.
Thomas Jefferson
Who was He served as president of the Second Continental Congress and was the first and third Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He also was the first signature on the deceleration of independence and wanted the king to see
John hancock
Who was he was a federalist He was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, Founding Father of the United States, signer of the Treaty of Paris, and first Chief Justice of the United States. Wikipedia
John jay
Who was an early American lawyer and politician, as well as a Founding Father of the United States.
Roger Sherman
Wrote democracy in America
Alexis de Tocqueville
Who was a OSA was a German monk, Catholic priest, professor of theology and seminal figure of the 16th-century movement in Christianity known later as the Protestant Reformation. And wrote the 99 thesis
Marin Luther
What was Both liberty and equality are closely linked in our democratic system. However,
current trends in America have shifted the meaning of equality from equality before the law to mean equality in wealth and talent at the expense of personal liberty. While equality provides an open society in which personal liberty may flourish, an overemphasis on equality can actually infringe upon personal free‐ dom.” meaning that when liberty increases equality decreases and vice versa.
Liberty vs equality
was known for being one of the founding fathers and a federalist. He
is also credited as a gifted author and the man who discovered electricity.
Benjamin Franklin
Who Was a major advocate for the rights of the people and expressed his thoughts in his most famous writing “the two treatises of government” . maintaining personal liberty is the key to a proper government, which should work toward the individual’s and the commonwealth’s best interest at all times
John Locke
Who Was the 16th president of the united states, he served as president during the civil
war and in turn assisted in the abolishment of slavery, he was a republican.
Abraham Lincoln
Who Was the 7th president of the United States , democrat he was known for establishing the spoils system, which was the practice of giving jobs to friends and supporters of your party in an election.
Andrew Jackson
Who was the Leader of the woman’s suffrage movement, established the national woman’s
suffrage association in 1869
Susan b Anthony
What group supported the constitution and supported a strong central government, did not initially want a bill of rights but developed one in order to have the constitution ratified. Thought a bill of rights was not necessary since the Constitution did not give the federal government power to interfere or in‐ fringe on individual right
Federalist
where against the constitution and focused on State’s rights, wanted a bill of rights. The lack of a bill of rights was their strongest argument against the proposed Constitution, because there were no means to defend individual civil liberties.
Anti federalists
The significant example of pure democracy was found in what country/civilization?
The first example of pure democracy was found in Greece, and later in England.
What was the order of authority outlined in the supremacy clause?
the United States Constitution,
2. laws of the U.S. government,
3. treaties,
4. constitutions of the states, 5. state laws,
6. and local laws
