Review short answers Flashcards
Elaborate Task-artifact cycle with an example
- Human activities - needs, preferences –> design requirements
- Design –> create artifacts
- Users adopt, and appropriate the artifacts –> new possibilities for interaction –> feedback
- revised / changed tasks –> new requirements
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of Human needs?
A theory in psychology proposes that humans have different levels of needs, which must be satisfied in a specific order.
1- Physiological
2- Safety
3- Love/ Belonging
4- Esteem
5- Self-actualization
Give examples of needs for each level in Maslow hierachy
1- breathing, food, water, sleep, homeostasis, excretion
2- security of body/employment/ resources/morality, family/ health/ property
3- friendship, family, sexual intimacy
4- self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others
5- morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem-solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts.
What is utility?
- the ability of a product to reach a certain goal or to perform a certain task
- how useful and relevant is the functionality of the product?
What is usability?
- relates to the question of quality and efficiency
→ how well does a product support the users to reach their goal or perform a certain task?
Jakob Nielsen’s definition of Usability
Usability is a quality attribute that assesses how easy user interfaces are to use. The word ‘usability’ also refers to methods for improving ease of use during the design process.”
What are the five quality components of usability?
- Learnability
- Efficiency
- Memorability
- Errors
- Satisfaction
What is likability?
the degree to which users enjoy using the product.
E.g. relate to aesthetics, pleasing, enjoyable to use,
and meets users’ emotional needs as well as their functional needs.
What is more important /relevant utility or usability?
- Utility is essential.
- Usability is important to user experience.
–> improving usability –> e.g.
Increase productivity of users
Reduce costs (support, efficiency)
Increase sales/revenue (web shop)
Enhance customer loyalty
Win new customers
Increase productivity of users
Reduce costs (support, efficiency)
Increase sales/revenue (web shop)
Enhance customer loyalty
Win new customers
Name at least 3 inventions of HCI History
Inventing interactive computing – Ivan Sutherland
-Sketchpad
-3D Head mounted display (1965 – 1970)
Inventing Interactive Technologies – Douglas Engelbart
- Mouse (1964)
- “Hi-res” vidoe conferencing, shared applications, window-concept (1968)
Describe the Model Human Processor.
-Simplified view of the human processing involved in interacting with computer systems.
-The model comprises 3 subsystems
+ Perceptual system
+ motor system
+ cognitive system
- Each subsystem has its own processor and memory and includes a number of principles of operation that dictate the behavior of the systems under certain conditions.
What is Wickens model?
4 - Dimensional Multiple Resource Model
- Four important dimensions explain the variance in time-sharing performance
+Processing stages
+Perceptual modalities
+Visual Channels
+Processing codes
- Each dimension has two discrete ‘levels’ (spatial, verbal)
what are the 2 main theories of forgetting? / 2 factors that affect forgetting
- Decay: info is lost gradually, slowly
- Interference:
+ retroactive interference: new info replaces old ones
+ proactive inhibition: old one interferes with the new one
What is the difference between recall and recognition?
- Recall: Information reproduced from memory can be assisted by cues,
e.g., categories, imagery - Recognition: Information gives knowledge that has been seen before
— Less complex than recall - information is the cue
Name the important factors for interpreting a visual signal.
Size and depth
Brightness
Color
