Review Sheet for Examination 1 2017 Flashcards
Who pioneered the differentiation between mental retardation and mental illness?
Jean Esquirol
Emphasized the importance of language abilities in assessment.
What did Edouard Seguin develop for individuals with intellectual disabilities?
Educational programs and physiological methods to enhance learning.
Who introduced the concept of measuring individual differences in psychology?
Francis Galton
What term did James Cattell coin in psychological assessment?
Mental test
What significant test did Alfred Binet develop?
The first practical intelligence test introducing mental age.
What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?
An intelligence test introducing a deviation IQ score.
Who led the development of the Army Alpha and Beta tests?
Robert Yerkes
What principle did E. L. Thorndike propose related to learning processes?
The law of effect
What classification did Emil Kraeplin develop?
Early classifications of mental disorders.
What was the Personal Data Sheet created by Robert Woodworth used for?
To screen for psychological disturbances in military personnel.
What concepts did Carl Jung introduce?
Introversion and extraversion.
What were the early purposes of psychological testing?
- Identify individuals with mental deficiencies
- Classify mental disorders
- Assess intellectual capabilities for educational placement and military recruitment.
What problems were associated with early intelligence tests?
- Cultural and linguistic biases
- Lack of standardization
- Inconsistent results.
What does mental age represent according to Alfred Binet?
The intellectual development level of a child compared to average age norms.
What was the Army Alpha test designed for?
Literate recruits.
What is the purpose of Aptitude Testing?
To assess specific capacities or potential for future learning and performance.
What is Reliability in the context of psychological testing?
The consistency and stability of test scores over time.
What does Validity measure in a psychological test?
The extent to which a test measures what it purports to measure.
What distinguishes Objective Tests from Projective Tests?
- Objective Tests: Structured questions with fixed response options
- Projective Tests: Ambiguous stimuli allowing projection of thoughts.
What are the two major purposes of the APA Ethical Code?
- Establish professional standards
- Protect the welfare of individuals and groups.
What is required for Informed Consent before psychological testing?
- Explain nature and purpose of assessment
- Discuss potential risks and benefits
- Address confidentiality limits.
What is the focus of Descriptive Statistics?
Summarizing and describing the main features of a data set.
What are the four types of scales in measurement?
- Nominal Scale
- Ordinal Scale
- Interval Scale
- Ratio Scale.
What does the Normal Curve of Distribution represent?
A bell-shaped and symmetrical distribution of values.
