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forensic science > review sheet > Flashcards

review sheet Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how far away can you smell a decomposing body?

A

30 yards

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2
Q

how does the body farm get their bodies?

A

homeless, donations, unclaimed

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3
Q

what is somatic death?

A

when ALL brain activity stops due to lack of oxygen

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4
Q

Define the following and explain how they can be used to determine PMI: algor mortis, livor mortis, rigor mortis, appearance of the eyes, stomach contents

A

algor mortis: temperature (ambient temp, obesity, clothing, and humidity)
livor mortis: blueish/purpleish patches
rigor mortis: muscle stiffness (face and jaw)
appearance of the eyes: person died with their eyes open (cloudy)
stomach contents: if there is food found in stomach, they died prior to the 4-6hours.

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5
Q

what factors can affect algor mortis?

A

temperature of the room/climate, if the body had been frozen

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6
Q

what is autolysis?

A

destruction of cells by their own enzymes

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7
Q

what is putrefaction?

A

an increase in insect activity, bloating due to gases, strong odors, and a release of fluids

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8
Q

what are purge fluids?

A

the fluids leaked out of the body after bloating occurs

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9
Q

what is butyric fermentation?

A

the fermenting of the exposed flesh and drying of tissue

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10
Q

what is dry decay?

A

flesh is leathery and hard

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11
Q

what is skeletonization?

A

bones have been completely exposed, as most soft tissue is gone

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12
Q

what factors speed up decomposition?
what factors slow down decomposition?

A

speed up-heat, humidity, small body size, open wounds, exposed flesh, animal presence, insect activity.
slow down-cold temperatures, wind, large body size, uninjured wrapped body, burial, alkaline soil.

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13
Q

what is adipocere?

A

a white waxy substance that converts fat to fatty acids

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14
Q

how can bones tell you about a crime?
(green, bleached, dark/stained)

A

green=recent
bleached=they have been exposed to the sun
dark/stained=they were buried

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15
Q

what can teeth tell you about a person?

A

age, economic status, (maybe identity)

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16
Q

how can you determine gender from a skeleton?

A

pelvic bone/skeleton structure

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17
Q

what is the epiphyseal union?

A

areas where the femur fuse with age

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18
Q

in general, the highest concentrations of a toxin are found where in a body?

A

where the toxin entered the body

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19
Q

what 2 drugs show up most frequently in toxicologist labs in the U.S.?

A

alcohol and cocaine

20
Q

be familiar with the answers to the questions on the Chapter 9 and 10 reader’s guide.

A
21
Q

what is an autopsy?
what is exhuming?

A

autopsy: a specialized surgical procedure used to determine the cause and manner of death. exhuming: when you dig up a grave to re-autopsy or re-examine the body

22
Q

what is a Y incision?

A

incision made during autopsy that runs from shoulder to shoulder and down to the pubic bone

23
Q

what is the rokitanksy method?
what is the Virchow Method?

A

rokitansky method- taking out all major organs in one “block”
virchow method-taking out all major organs one at a time

24
Q

be familiar with the autopsy terms given in the pickle lab.

A
25
Q

give the difference between and examples of the following: Manner of Death, Cause of Death, and Mechanism of Death.

A

manner of death: natural, accidental, suicide, homicide (undetermined)
cause of death: gunshot, skull fracture, poisoning (disease, injury- that results in death)
mechanism of death: physiological reason for death (exsanguination;bleeding out, heart failure)

26
Q

if the highest concentration of poison is in the GI tract or the liver, how was the person poisoned?

A

ingested

27
Q

if the highest concentration of poison is in the lungs, how was the person poisoned?

A

they breathed it in

28
Q

what technique uses a moving liquid to separate a substance into its components?

A

thin layer chromatography

29
Q

pH levels.

A

pH under 7= acid
pH above 7=base

30
Q

there are two really good parts to look at to determine gender from a skeleton. what are they?

A

skull or pelvis

31
Q

an overdose of heroin is suspected as the cause of death. Why wouldn’t a toxicologist screen for heroin?

A

it is immediately metabolized to morphine. Screen for that.

32
Q

what technique involves getting antibodies to a specific drug from an animal and then using those antibodies to test if a substance is present in humans?

A

immunoassay

33
Q

distal

A

furthest away (hand)

34
Q

what organ is often used to take body temperature?

A

liver

35
Q

if I told you to look at the dorsal part of your body, where would you look?

A

your back

36
Q

what is the formula to calculate PMI using temperature?

A

(98.6 - liver temperature)/1.5 F

37
Q

a body is found. When taken, the body temperature is 85.1. Room temperature is 72. Approximately how long has this person been dead?

A

this person has been dead 9 hours.

38
Q

approximately how many hours does it take to empty your stomach of food?

A

4-6 hours

39
Q

list the following body parts in order of how food passes through the digestive system:

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

40
Q

what does it mean to say lividity is fixed?

A

the purplish color does not disappear when touched

41
Q

what type of vessel brings blood to the heart?

A

vein

42
Q

what would I find in your thoracic cavity?

A

heart and lungs

43
Q

what type of vessel takes blood away from the heart?

A

artery

44
Q

what would you test for to see if a person was alive before being burned in a fire?

A

look for CO levels in the lungs indicating that they breathed it in.

45
Q

a body is discovered. The face and jaw are not in rigor but the rest of the body is. Out of these choices, which gives the most likely time since death?

A

15-20 hours

46
Q

you find lividity on a person’s back. They are lying on their front. What does this mean?

A

body has been moved

47
Q

True or False: The amount of alcohol excreted in the breath is directly proportional to the amount in the blood.

A

true

forensic science (1 decks)

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