Review Session

Question 1

Know the vaccine schedules included in Harrison’s Ch. _______.

Answer 1

122

Question 2

Give a rundown on rotavirus.

Answer 2

• dsRNA
• naked
• segmented (11)
• live attenuated vaccine
• the segmented RNA allows for recombination that allows for virulence through reassortment

Question 3

Give a rundown on HPV.

Answer 3

• dsDNA
• naked
• vaccine made through recombinant DNA of L1 -> VLP; the recombinant DNA is the outer proteins, not it is not live

Question 4

Give a rundown on VZV.

Answer 4

• dsDNA
• enveloped
• vaccine is live, so should not be given to immunocompromised individuals or pregnant women

Question 5

Antibodies to ____________ prevent viral infection.

Answer 5

surface glycoproteins

Question 6

_________ to HSV prevent widespread disease upon reactivation (in an immunocompetent host) and __________ are thought to mediate the clearance of virally infected cells.

Answer 6

Antibodies; CD8 T cells

Note: magnitude of T-cell response is associated with speed and degree of clearance.

Question 7

Most RNA viruses replicate in the _____________.

Answer 7

cytoplasm (exceptions include orthomyxovirus, among others)

Question 8

Most DNA viruses replicate in _____________.

Answer 8

the nucleus (except pox, which expressions its own polymerases)

Question 9

As a general rule, ____________ viruses are more infective.

Answer 9

naked (non-enveloped)

Question 10

What protein are DNA viruses seeking when they go to the nucleus?

Answer 10

RNA polymerase II (to make mRNA from viral DNA)

Question 11

Which RNA polymerase is regulated by E6 and E7?

Answer 11

RNA polymerase II

It’s sort of a roundabout mechanism. Those two viral proteins cause the cell to grow and divide, which will stimulate RNA polymerase II.

Question 12

Do HSV and HPV encode DNA-dependent RNA polymerases?

Answer 12

No, they use host cell RNA polymerase II.

Question 13

What is a big difference in the proteins encoded by HPV and herpesviruses?

Answer 13

HPV uses host DNA-dependent DNA polymerase while herpesviruses encode their own.

Note: this is why acyclovir works to treat HSV but not HPV!

Question 14

Once again, endotoxin is _____________.

Answer 14

lipopolysaccharide, which is the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria

Question 15

Listeria in the blood would likely be found in _____________.

Answer 15

contamination or immunocompromised individuals

Question 16

Non-lactose fermenters grow ___________ on MacConkey agar.

Answer 16

golden

Question 17

In general, you should not treat a bacterial colonization unless the patient is symptomatic. What is a big exception?

Answer 17

TB and N. meningitidis –latent TB should be treated, as should N. meningitidis

Question 18

The three bugs more commonly implicated in subacute endocarditis are ______________.

Answer 18

S. viridans, S. epidermidis (with prosthetics), and Enterococcus

Question 19

If a patient has a bulging inguinal lymph node –the groove sign – along with a genital ulcer, what might this be?

Answer 19

Lymphogranuloma venereum – treat with tetracycline

Question 20

How many illnesses are prevented each year due to vaccines?

Answer 20

More than 5 million

Question 21

True or false: it is ok for pregnant women to get the pneumococcal vaccine.

Answer 21

True, because this is a subunit vaccine.