Review questions Flashcards
a ____-____ cockpit allows water to escape overboard, either by way of scuppers or walk through transom
self draining or self bailing
a ____ is used to adjust tension in standing rigging cables
turnbuckle
when going forward on the sidedeck, it is safer to walk along the _____ side of the boat
windward or high
cleaning supplies, fenders, a boathook, spare lines, and even extra sails can be stowed in the _________
cockpit locker
if the wheel steering system fails, then an ___ ____ may be fitted to the rudder post to allow steering to resume
emergency tiller
the space beneath the cabin sole is called the _____ where water may accumulate at the lowest point
bilge
to prevent accidental leaks due to hose failure, it is good practice to close all ______ when leaving the boat unattended
seacocks
type B fire extinguishers are used to combat ___ base fires
flammable liquid (gas) or petroleum
most sailboat electrical fixtures such as lights and pumps run on ____ volts ___ power, which is provided by the house ______
12 volt
DC
Batteries
when connected to ____ (110 volts AC), the battery voltage is maintained using a battery ____.
While motoring, the engine-mounted ____ charges the batteries
shore power
charger
alternator
the battery ______ switch is usually a dial type fixture that allows a choice to be made between house and _____ battery banks
selector
starting
a pre-departure on- deck inspection should include looking for a missing cotter ____
pins or rings
once the auxiliary engine is started, it is important to check that _______ is flowing out of the ____ outlet
water
exhaust
a diesel engine is stopped by shutting off the ___ supply
fuel
when shifting from forward to reverse gear (or vice versa) it is critical to pause in ____ for a second or two to allow the engine to return to idle speed
neutral
the flow of water pushed by a propeller is called
prop wash
the tendency of the stern of a boat to be pushed sideways when the engine is in reverse gear is called
prop walk
with the engine in reverse gear, a right handed prop will likely cause the stern to walk to the ____
port
a vessel with divers in the water may display either a ____ ____ flag (red with diagonal white stripe) or international code flag ____ (vertical white and blue swallowtail)
recreational diver
Flag A
the ___ has ultimate responsibility for the safety of the ___ ___ and passengers
skipper,
vessel, crew
a safety ___ may be made of webbing or line and has a clip on either end. one end commonly attaches to a safety ___ worn by the crew, the other end is secured to a strong pad-eye or ____
tether
harness
jackline
it is advisable to wear a life jacket in the following situations (name at least 3)
bad weather heavy seas cold seawater nighttime poor visibility when leaving the cockpit if the boat has no lifelines feeling unwell
other than the federally required items, ASA recommends the following additional equipment be carried on board ( name at least 10)
vhf radio cell phone spare lines nav charts plotting tools anchor binoculars knife first aid kit tool kit flashlight/spotlight clock radar reflector boat hook softwood plugs portable bilge pump bucket
the amount of oil in the auxiliary ___ may be checked by withdrawing the __, wiping it clean, then reinserting and removing again to check the level
engine
dipstick
the raw water ____ helps prevent grass seaweed and other undesirable debris from entering the engines ___ system
strainer
cooling
to help prevent diesel fuel spills, it is better to fill the tank ____
slowly
it is illegal to dump ____ anywhere in the ocean or inland waters
plastic, oil, fuel
small items of food waste, paper, and glass may legally be discharged if the vessel is more than ___ miles from shore
3
most water heater appliances have 2 ways of heating water: either from the engines ____system
or from ___ electricity
cooling
shorepower
a marine toilet must be connected to a ____ ____ device, which on most boats is a ____ tank
marine sanitation
holding
ways to reduce weather helm and excessive heeling include: name at least 3
heading up into the wind easing the main sheet taking the traveler to leeward tightening the adjustable backstay tightening the outhaul, reefing the mainsail
tightening the ___ decreases the ___ or belly of the mainsail
outhaul
draft or depth
one way twist in the jib can be adjusted is with the position of the jibsheet car. if the jib has too much twist, move the car ____. If it needs more twist, move the car ____
forward
aft
when reefing the mainsail while underway it is better to keep the boat moving on a ___ point of sail
close reach
when reefing the mainsail, once the new __is established, take up the ___ again until the luff is tight, then establish the new ___
tack
halyard
clew
it is easier to reef or furl the roller furling jib while on a ____ ____ point of sail
broad reach
once the jib is reefed, the jibsheet car should be moved ___ to maintain balanced tension in the leech and foot
forward
when heaving to, the back winded ___ and leeward positioned ___ are in opposition, causing the boat to sail very slowly with the wind just forward of the ___.
When a sailboat with wheel steering is hove-to, the wheel would be turned fully to _____
jib
mainsail
beam
windward
a vessel is considered to be overtaking another if it is approaching from within an arc of up to 22.5 degrees abaft (behind) the _____ on either side of the vessel being overtaken. this total arc or 135 degrees fills the same sector as the ___ light
beam
stern light
under the us inland rules of navigation, some sound signals are used to signal __ and require a response____
intent and response
in a situation where two power driven vessels are crossing, one short whistle blast means” I intend to leave you on my __ side.” in an overtaking situation, one short blast means “ I intend to ___ you on your starboard side
port
pass
if a vessel operating in inland waters does not agree or understand the intent of another vessel, then it would sound ____ short blasts, 3 short blasts, means I am engaging ____ gear
5 blasts
reverse
hoisting a ____ ____ will increase the likelihood of being seen by a vessel equipped with radar
radar reflector
a sailing vessel under way at night or in restricted visibility must display __ lights, which are red and green in color , plus a stern light which is ___ color
side
white
the color on the top of a horizontally striped red and green beacon or buoy indicates on which side to leave the mark in order to stay in the ___ channel
preferred
when steering a vessel using a compass, the intended direction is called the ______ and the direction the boat is actually pointing is called the ____
course
heading
the difference between the true and magnetic direction is called_____.
the difference between the magnetic and ___ direction is called deviation
variation
compass
items that may cause interference with the proper functioning of the compass include
name at least 3
magnets tools flashlight cell phones speaker in vhf radio anything with iron in it
a distance of one nautical miles is equal to one ___ of latitude
minute
one degree of latitude is equal to ___ nautical miles
60
speed units are usually expressed in ___ which means nautical miles per hour
knots
time units are expressed in ___ when using the equation distance=speed X time
hours
important considerations for selecting an anchorage include ____ from wind and waves, ____ room so as not to bump other boats, ____ type appropriate for the boats ground tackle and acceptable total ___ including any changes in tidal height
protection
swinging
bottom type
depth
to confirm an anchor has properly set one can observe the anchor ____ for tautness and lack of vibration.
looking ____ at a ____ of two aligned stationary objects can provide additional confirmation of a well set anchor
rode
abeam
range
what is the recommended anchor scope
7:1
7’ for every foot of depth plus the height of freeboard of the boat
the first response to be taken to correct a dragging anchor is to increase the ____
scope
as the anchor is being raised with power assist from the engine, the foredeck crew should point ___ the direction of the anchor rode, so the helmsman knows which way to ____
toward
steer
when parallel docking, it is preferable to bring the boat alongside the dock while heading ____ the wind if possible
into
a _____ line is usually the first to be secured when docking and last to be cast off when departing the dock
spring
for safety reasons, crew should never use their ____ or ___ to fend the boat off. instead ___ should be used in between the boat and the dock or piling
hands or feet
fenders
when anchoring or mooring the best way to communicate between the foredeck and helm is through the use of pre-arranged
hand signals
most cruising sailboats carry a ___ radio, which can be used not only for emergencies or routine communication with other stations but also to receive local ____ forecasts
VHF
weather
a significant weather threat faced by sailors is the summer ____ which can develop relatively quickly and be accompanied by high ___ and intense rain
thunderstorm
winds
fog often occurs when it is hot and ___ ashore and the water temperature is ____
humid
cool
the greatest tidal range is usually observed during ____ tides when the moon is either ___ or new
spring tides
full
as the tide comes in a ___ current may be generated
flood
when the tide is going out, it is called an ___ tide
ebb
if no current is flowing it is said to be ___ water
slack
when sailing in a current, the direction the current is flowing is called _____ and the drift is the _____ of the current
set
speed
if the boat runs aground the first action to be taken is to ____ sheets if sailing, or shift the engine to ____ if under power
ease
neutral
a ___ is a portable anchor that can be used to help haul a boat off a grounding
kedge
if the boat has a serious leak, the following actions should be taken immediately
notify the crew
operate bilge pumps
find the source of the leak
if the prop becomes fouled,
immediately shift the engine to neutral and stop it
if a shroud or stay fails the most important thing is to keep the ___ standing upright by removing and strain and providing additional support perhaps with a spare ___ if available
mast
halyard
name at least 3 potential sources of fire or explosion on board a sailboat with an aux engine
faulty elec wiring
fuel, gas -diesel
cooking fuel
engine fuel leak
a major benefit of using the quick stop man overboard recovery method is that the boat stays ___ to the MOB
closer
using the quick stop recovery method ,the 1st maneuver (after flotation and assigning a spotter) is to____ the boat, leaving the ____ secured (on its cleat or winch) so that the jib is backwinded after the tack
tack
jibsheet
a MOB in cold water should assume the ___ position so as to minimize loss of body heat
HELP
heat escape lessening position
a person suffering from stage 2 hypothermia should be treated by ____
removing wet clothes
cover head and body with blankets
add body heat from another person
when planning a passage, it is important to identify alternative ____ in case of poor weather or problems with the vessel
destinations or anchorages
name at least items of info that the skipper should give in his safety briefing
pfd locations fire extinguishers flares radio itinerary sailing controls dock departure plan assignment of duties
