Review Questions

Question 1

List the functions of the human Lymphatic system

Answer 1

1. Fluid Homeostasis

Returns excess interstitial fluid to veins

Question 2

List the functions of the human Lymphatic system

Answer 2

2. One site of immunological function

Maturation and dispersal of lymphocytes

Question 3

List the functions of the human Lymphatic system

Answer 3

3. Lipid absorption
   Lacteals are capillaries in villi that collect lipids absorbed by digestive tract
   (Breakdown to fatty acids-Lacteals)

Question 4

Describe the anatomy of human lymphatic vessels

Answer 4

Found everywhere we have blood vessels- Run parellel to blood vessels

Question 5

Describe the anatomy of human lymphatic vessels

Answer 5

Lymphatic Vessels not found in 
Epithelia
Cartilage
CNS
Corneas
Bone Marrow
because lack of blood supply

Question 6

Describe the anatomy of human lymphatic vessels

Answer 6

Lymphatic capillaries the smallest vessels

1. Blind-ended and start at capillary beds
2. Endothelial cells overlap but are not continuous (fluid, solutes, pathogens enters but can’t return)

Question 7

Describe the anatomy of human lymphatic vessels

Answer 7

Lymphatic vessels the medium sized “hoses” of the lymphatic system

1. parallel arteries and veins
2. similar in structure to veins and have valves
3. make use of muscle and respiratory pumps

Question 8

Describe the anatomy of human lymphatic vessels

Answer 8

Lymphatic vessels converge to form Lymphatic Trunks

Question 9

Describe the anatomy of human lymphatic vessels

Answer 9

Lymphatic Trunks empty into ducts

Question 10

Describe the anatomy of human lymphatic vessels

Answer 10

Lymphatic trunks empty into

1. Right lymphatic duct
   a. empties lymph from superior right quarter of body
   b. empties into right subclavian vein, near right internal jugular vein

Question 11

Describe the anatomy of human lymphatic vessels

Answer 11

Lymphatic trunks empty into

2. Thoracic duct
   a. Drains remaining 75% of body
   b. empties into left subclavian vein, near left internal jugular vein

Question 12

List and give the location of the major human lymph and lymphoid organs

Answer 12

Tonsil

Question 13

List and give the location of the major human lymph and lymphoid organs

Answer 13

Thymus

Question 14

List and give the location of the major human lymph and lymphoid organs

Answer 14

Spleen

Question 15

List and give the location of the major human lymph and lymphoid organs

Answer 15

MALT (Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue) in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

Question 16

List and give the location of the major human lymph and lymphoid organs

Answer 16

Appendix

Question 17

List and give the location of the major human lymph and lymphoid organs

Answer 17

Two classes of Lymphatic Organs, based on function- Primary Lymphatic organs and secondary organs and tissues

Question 18

List and give the location of the major human lymph and lymphoid organs

Answer 18

Primary Lymphatic organs are where B and T cells form and gain immunocompetence

1. Bone Marrow
2. Thymus

Question 19

List and give the location of the major human lymph and lymphoid organs

Answer 19

Secondary organs and tissues are sites where immune responses occur

1. Lymph nodes and spleen have a capsule and are considered organs
2. Lymphoid Nodules and MALT are tissues

Question 20

List and give the location of the major human lymph and lymphoid organs

Answer 20

Lymphatic organs contain a stroma of reticular connective tissue

Question 21

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 21

Lymph nodes-principle lymphatic organs of body

Question 22

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 22

Lymph nodes are small at up to one inch in diameter

Question 23

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 23

Lymph nodes are numerous and approx 450 per person

Question 24

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 24

Lymph nodes are bean shaped

Question 25

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 25

Lymph nodes are embedded in connective tissues

Question 26

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 26

Lymph nodes are concentrated in cervical, axillary, thoracic, abdominal, and inguinal regions

Question 27

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 27

Lymph nodes are important diagnostically 1. Physicians palpate to check for infection 2. Biopsy if cancer is expected Lymph nodes downstream of tumor may be affected due to metastasis

Question 28

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 28

Lymph node functions: 1. Only organs that filter Lymph a. help prevent further spread of pathogens by cardiovascular system 2. Initiates immune response

Question 29

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 29

Lymph node structure- capsule of dense connective tissue (collagen fibers) covers

Question 30

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 30

``` Lymph node structure- extensions of capsule penetrate interior of node called trabeculae (fibrous partitions) ```

Question 31

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 31

Lymph node structure- has stroma of reticular fibers that cells attach to

Question 32

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 32

Lymph node structure- there are more afferent lymphatics than efferent lymphatics 1. slows down flow of lymph; it percolates through slowly 2. encounters various immune cells such as macrophages, T Lymphocytes, and B Lymphocytes

Question 33

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 33

Node structure- 99% of pathogens are removed and lymphocytes are exposed to foreign antigens

Question 34

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 34

Lymphatic organs- Thymus and Spleen

Question 35

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 35

Organ- Thymus- | 1. Located between sternum and aortic arch in mediastinum

Question 36

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 36

Organ- Thymus- | 2. Does not function like a lymph node

Question 37

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 37

Organ- Thymus- | 3. Site of development for T-Lymphocytes

Question 38

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 38

Organ- Thymus- | 4. Release hormones called thymosins that regulate T lymphocytes development

Question 39

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 39

Organs- Thymus- | 5. Blood thymus barrier prevents premature exposure to its lymphocytes to antigens

Question 40

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 40

Organ- Spleen- | 1. Located in Left hypochondriac region

Question 41

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 41

Organ- Spleen | 2. Largest Lymphatic organ

Question 42

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 42

Organ- Spleen | 3. Essentially a huge lymph node for the blood (not lymph)

Question 43

Describe the structure and function of human lymph nodes and lymphoid organs

Answer 43

Organ- Spleen | 4. Destroys abnormal blood cells and platelets, and stores platelets and iron