Review Questions Flashcards

Question

Why did Ancient Greek citizens (and ancient Roman citizens) not elect representatives?

Answer 1

participatipation had to had on citizenship, and your job to act, council 500 boule was preparing business for assembly, executive commit for larger body oversee and direct affairs of assembly,

Answer 2

According to Polybius it was so well balanced and blended that citizens themselves could not tell that if it was an aristocracy, monarchy or democracy. It brought equality amongst the system. Essentially held responsibility to everyone

Answer 3

Not only did the different elements of the government keep itself in check (democratic, aristocracy, and monarchy but also with the 2 consuls terms being limited and since there was more then 1 consuls are held responsible to each other with any citizen being able to seek the other consul if feel wronged by the other

Answer 4

Lucretia death was used as symbol, a metaphor for the people of Rome and what the kings represented. The citizens took an oath never to tolerate a king ruling over the city it was this expulsion of the kings that led to the forming of the Roman Republic

Answer 5

the sovereign body of Athens was the assembly demos body of citizens(male citizens), and the sovereign body of a Rome was the populace its the citizens of the state

Answer 6

The Comitia Centuratia was more structured based on classes of wealth (votes heavily favoured the wealthy) while the greek assembly was equal in the sense of 1 person 1 vote no matter wealth

Answer 7

To serve in different offices it was dependent on wealth, Archons

Answer 8

The roman aristocrats replaced themselves in the roles of kings and implemented votes among the populace but these votes were not considered equal and heavily favoured the wealthy. Only certain offices could be held by aristocratic individuals

Answer 9

Freedom from all things, to have need of nothing or no one (competition was created from this, going out and taking resources for your Polis, land, farming, resources etc..)

Answer 10

The power or right to govern themselves (no subjection to outside authority, the Polis was the highest level of governance)

Answer 11

Personification of liberty, meaning a citizen had personal freedom

Answer 12

equal rights to the law and shares of tradition (although the shares themselves may not be equal like political offices

Answer 13

the assembly of the people

Answer 14

Highly elected political office of the Republic, elected 2 per year (by the 2nd century), these were supreme magistrates (elected in the Comitia Centuriata) among responsibilities was leadership of army and successors

Answer 15

Note a representative or legislative or electoral assembly they advised senior magistrates, when summoned. Their Membership is gained by holding quaestorship, and is retained of life (usually) they were in charge of Financial authority, public welfare and construction, some trials, foreign policy matter. They held a lot of sway because of the wealthy side of them even if not officially holding power

Answer 16

Comitia Centuratia: was an assembly of all Roman people- plebians and patricians, was grouped based on their census class, and how they were divided up. Very much based — Consisted of 193 centuries (groups of citizens) each century had a single vote —Each century gets one vote before the assembly. Each citizen is assigned to a century a according to how much property he owns. Since the wealthiest citizens are grouped into a majority of centuries, the assembly is very aristocratic.

Answer 17

Plebian Council - The council almost identical to the Comitia Tributa and function as a legislative judicial assembly. The only differences are that it is presided over by a Plebian Tribune, and its tribes are only composed of plebians. After 287 BC, any act passed by this council would apply to all of the Senate and the People of Rome.

Answer 18

she was the beautiful and virtuous wife of the nobleman Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus. Her tragedy began when she was raped by the son of the tyrannical Etruscan king of Rome.

Answer 19

Brutus was a friend of Tarquinius Collatinus —The violence that was done to Lucretia was taken out on the kings — This event was the rising of the Roman Republic Brutus expels the kings, and grants freedom to the citizens of RomeBrutus and Tarquinius Collatinus were chief magistrates

Answer 20

citizens are those who actively partake in office or judical functions

Answer 21

to also BE active in office, does not matter if rich or poor you can still hold office by simply being a member of the assembly

Answer 22

to be selected and serve on jury or voting in the assembly enacted and claimed ownership of your citzenship

Answer 23

Josine Blok downplays sharing in archai as an index of citizenship in favor of sharing (85) in cult and descent. She summarizes her view: “citizenship, i.e. polis membership, was a status defined by descent, conceived as being a descendant of the original founders of the covenant of the polis with the gods, more precisely as being a legitimate heir to a share of this covenant. This applies equally to men and women, as members of the kin group and as heirs (93).” Further, “Laws consolidated the polis as a human community and perpetuated its covenant with the gods, devolving human and divine property and obligations towards the gods and fellow humans onto future generations (98).” Thus, for Blok, the key elements are cult, descent, and law.

Answer 24

Sharedlineage and coming of age allowed you to be of citizenship but it was an active role in office and judical functions that were considered citizens. The Polis decides on who is a citizen

Answer 25

a good constitution is one that ennacts "just" habits of the citizens if he does not succeed in it then it is a failure (bad)

Answer 26

refers to a citizen, an individual who is a member of a polis, which is a city-state or a political community.

Answer 27

A polis is the greek word for a greek city state. By definition- a city-state, a social and political unit with a unified identity

Answer 28

gives sovereignty to the people, rather than the few

Answer 29

Aristocratic societies often feature a hierarchy where a small number of individuals or families hold disproportionate power and privileges, while the majority of the population may have limited political influence.

Answer 30

"Politeia" is a Greek term that can be translated to mean "constitution" or "form of government." In ancient Greek political thought, the concept of "politeia" was central to discussions about the organization and structure of a political community. Different Greek philosophers, including Plato and Aristotle, explored the idea of the best or most just form of government, often using the term "politeia" to refer to the ideal state or political order.

Answer 31

Oligarchy is a power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. Usually wealthy and noble people.

Answer 32

term referring to the ruling by kings, this could also be seen as the consuls : “Supreme authority over all public affairs” * Summon the Senate and the comitia centuriata * Solicit advice from the Senate * Propose laws, war, peace * Command armies * One consul can veto the other

Answer 33

The concept of tyranny in ancient Greece referred to a form of government in which a ruler, known as a "tyrant," seized power unlawfully and ruled without the consent of the governed. The term did not originally carry the negative connotations it does today; rather, it described a specific mode of governance.

Answer 34

referring to assembly of the people but can also be seen within the roman republic of various assemblies of tribal and century

Answer 35

sitting on a juror; in athens in was an honour and display of citizenship to sit on jury

Answer 36

The Latin League was a confederation of Latin-speaking communities in ancient Italy that formed around the 7th century BCE. The league was established for mutual defense and cooperation, initially against external threats, and it played a significant role in the early history of Rome. The Latin League facilitated Rome's early expansion through diplomatic and military alliances. Rome, originally a member of the Latin League, leveraged these alliances to its advantage. The shared Latin culture and language provided a basis for cooperation, and as Rome expanded, it often formed treaties and agreements with other Latin cities. One pivotal event was the Latin War (340-338 BCE), during which Rome fought against some of its Latin allies seeking greater autonomy. After Rome's victory, the Foedus Cassianum (Cassian Treaty) was established, which allowed for a degree of integration of Latin communities into Roman citizenship. This facilitated a more inclusive approach to governance and contributed to the assimilation of conquered territories into the Roman state. The Latin League, in essence, served as a stepping stone for Rome's expansion, providing a framework for alliances and cooperation that allowed the city to gradually extend its influence over the Italian peninsula and beyond.

Answer 37

The integration of citizens from the Latin states into Roman citizenship after 493 BC was facilitated by the Foedus Cassianum, a treaty that followed the Latin War (340-338 BC). The treaty, named after the Roman consul Spurius Cassius Viscellinus, outlined terms for the peaceful coexistence and collaboration between Rome and the Latin League. The Foedus Cassianum allowed for a form of integration by extending Roman citizenship to some individuals in the Latin states. While specific details of the treaty are not fully recorded, it is understood that certain Latin communities were granted a limited form of Roman citizenship, known as the Latin Right (ius Latii). This status granted them certain privileges, such as the right to engage in commercial transactions and intermarry with Roman citizens. Over time, individuals with the Latin Right had the potential to acquire full Roman citizenship. This gradual integration of Latin citizens into Roman citizenship contributed to the Roman policy of incorporating allies into its socio-political structure and fostering a sense of unity among the various communities within the expanding Roman state.

Answer 38

A municipium in ancient Rome was a type of self-governing town or city that enjoyed a certain degree of autonomy in local administration. The status of municipium was granted to various communities as part of the Roman expansion and incorporation of new territories. Citizens of municipia held Roman citizenship, and they were subject to Roman law.

Answer 39

After the Latin War of 340-338 BCE, Rome revised its relationship with the members of the Latin League by implementing the "Foedus Cassianum." This treaty established a new framework where the Latins retained a level of autonomy, maintaining local governance and self-administration. While they were obligated to provide military support to Rome, the treaty marked a step towards a more integrated and cooperative relationship between Rome and its Latin allies. This arrangement laid the foundation for Rome's expansion and its strategy of incorporating allies into its socio-political structure.

Answer 40

as rome is expanding it slots newly conquered states into allies have roman citizenship but not the right to vote

Answer 41

The "Conflict of the Orders" in ancient Rome refers to a historical struggle between the patricians (aristocracy) and the plebeians (common people) over political rights and representation. This conflict spanned several centuries and was characterized by a series of social and political reforms that sought to address the grievances of the plebeians and establish a more equitable distribution of power within the Roman state. Key points 1) it was the patricians vs the plebeians 2) Plebians sought political representation 3) tribune of the plebs 4) the twelve tables was a result of this 5) barriers were broken down between the two

Answer 42

The Twelve Tables were a set of laws inscribed on tablets that served as the foundation of Roman law. They are considered one of the earliest and most significant legal codes in ancient Rome. The creation of the Twelve Tables was a response to the demands of the plebeians for written laws and greater legal protection.

Answer 43

both the Conflict of Orders and the Twelve Tables, the concern for the equality of citizens manifested in efforts to address social and legal disparities between the patricians and plebeians. The establishment of legal mechanisms, such as the Tribune of the Plebs and the Twelve Tables, played a crucial role in promoting the idea that all citizens should be treated fairly and equally under the law, regardless of their social status. 1) it defined a role for the state in the settle of civil disputes 2) capital trials to be conducted in the comitia centuriata 3) limited debt reform, which curtailed excessive abuse of debtors 4) concern for establishing a legal equity between social superiors and social inferiors

Answer 44

The laws aimed to address various socio-economic issues and tensions between the patricians and plebeians during the Roman Republic's Conflict of Orders. which attributed to minor debt reforms 20 at least one plebeian had to be elected to consul; each year and a citizen can occupy a maximum of 500 iugeria of ager publics

Answer 45

The question of citizenship for Latin allies became increasingly contentious in the late second century BCE due to the significant contributions of the socii (allies) to Rome's military and economic successes. Despite their crucial role, the socii were denied full Roman citizenship, leading to a growing sense of injustice and a desire for equal political and legal rights among the Italian allies. The issue was ultimately resolved through the **Lex Julia**, enacted in 89 BCE during the Social War. This law granted Roman citizenship to all Italian communities that had not rebelled against Rome during the conflict. The extension of citizenship addressed the core grievance of the Italian allies, marking a significant political and social change in the Roman Republic. This move aimed to integrate the socii into the Roman state and alleviate tensions that had fueled the Social War.

Answer 46

The Social War (91–88 BCE) in ancient Rome resulted from tensions between the Roman Republic and its Italian allies, who sought Roman citizenship rights. Despite their significant contributions, the socii were denied full citizenship, leading to resentment and rebellion. The conflict ended in 88 BCE with the Lex Julia granting citizenship to non-rebelling Italian communities, impacting the Roman state's inclusivity and contributing to the Republic's eventual decline.