Review Questions Flashcards
As you read this the cells in your eyes are sending info to your brains along what type of neuron.
Afferent Neurons
When you are digesting food smooth muscles contract your stomach. Is this controlled by afferent or efferent division of the PNS. How could you describe this in more details
Efferent division, Autonomic Nervous System, Parasympathetic division.
What are the parts of a Neuron
a. Pre synaptic terminal, b. Node of Ranvier, c. Collateral axon, d. Golgi apparatus, e. Nucleus, f. Nucleolus, g. Dendrites, h. Mitochondrion, I. Cell body, j. Axon hillock, k. Axon, L. Myelin sheath.
What are the six types of neuroglia and their functions?
Shwann cells- insulate PNS axons. Oligodendrocytes- insulate and bind CNS neurons, microglia - fight brain infections with phagocytosis, astrocytes- blood brain barrier, ependymal ciliated and non ciliated secrete and move Cerebrospinal fluid
Parts of a nerve
a. Epineurium, b. Fascicle, c. Axon, d. Endoneurium, e parineurium,
What is the difference between a sensory nerve a motor nerve and a mixed nerve. What is most common
A sensory neuron only has afferent, motor is efferent. Mix has both. Most are mixed.
An axon is covered by an oligodendrocyte is it part of the CNS or pns will it grow a new axon if severed
It is part of the CNS. It will not regenerate.
At one point on the axon there is a high concentration of potassium outside the cell on a high concentration of sodium inside the cell is the neuron at rest.
No. It went through repolarization and the sodium potassium exchange pump must switch the two.
At one point on the axon there’s a high concentration of sodium outside the cell and a high concentration of potassium inside is the entire neuron at rest
You can’t tell. There is none at that point, but there could be activity somewhere else.
Stimulus creates a change in the potential difference between the inside and outside of the cell so that the inside is negative but no action potential is created. what is this called.
Local potential or sub threshold stimulus.
What happens in an action potential.
Depolarization: Sodium potassium exchange pump lets sodium in and potential difference goes from -85 to+30. Repolarization: K gates open. K leaves. More - than -85. Then sodium potassium exchange pump works to restore resting potential.
What are the specific names of the steps
Depolarization and repolarization
What keeps an action potential on an axon from stimulating other action potentials that will travel back towards the cell body
Absolute refractory period.
Why do myelinated axons carry action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?
Saltatory transmission is faster because the action potentials skip from one node of Ranvier to the next.
Why do myelinated axons carry action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?
Saltatory transmission is faster because the action potentials skip from one node of Ranvier to the next.
When you cut yourself you feel an instant sharp pain followed a bit later by a dull ache. Why do you get these two different pains and why do they come in that order.
The sharp pain comes from myelinated axons the dull pain comes from unmyelinated axons
If you press your finger lightly against an object you feel a certain amount of pressure pressing harder makes you feel more pressure what is the difference in action potentials.
It’s the frequency since they all come at the same strength.
Parts of an excitatory synapse
a. Calcium channel, b. Synaptic vesicle, c. Sodium channels, d. Post synaptic neuron, e. Synaptic cleft
Monroe signal needs to travel along way through the body it has to have the same properties as destination as it did when it started should the signal be sent along a very long axon or a few shorter ones
Long one
The potential difference in a postsynaptic neuron changes from negative 85 ml to -95 millivolts at the point of a synapse what has happened what can you say about the relative amounts of potassium and sodium outside the membrane
Inhibitory synapse. K outside sodium unchanged.
12 action potentials are traveling down and acts on in a very short time. They reach a synapse and the postsynaptic neurons only two action potentials through is this an excitatory or inhibitory synapse
Excitatory
A bunch of action potentials come from the same neuron is it temporal summation or spatial summation
Temporal cause a bunch came in short time.
What are the three kinds of circuits formed by neurons and what are they used for
Diverging-many output one input Converging- many inputs one output
Oscillating- sends signal back to itself.
