Review Questions Flashcards
What is hypoxia? Why is it dangerous to the nervous system?
Hypoxia is a condition in which the brain is not getting enough oxygen due to a poor blood supply. It is dangerous because it kills neurons that cannot be replaced.
What is hypoglycemia? What can it do to the brain?
Hypoglycemia is a condition where glucose in the blood gets too low. This affects the brain because the neurons need glucose. Without glucose they cannot produce the energy they need to do their jobs. The person may lose mental sharpness, may faint, or go into a coma.
Arrange from inferior to superior: midbrain, hypothalamus, Pons, medulla oblongata, thalamus.
Medulla oblongata, Pons, midbrain, hypothalamus, thalamus.
Name three structures in the brain stem.
Medulla oblongata, Pons, and midbrain
Name the structures in the diencephalon.
Thalamus and hypothalamus
Where does most decussation happen
Medulla oblongata
What structure has nuclei that control vital functions?
Medulla oblongata
Which structure has nuclei dedicated to reflexes involving seeing and hearing.
Midbrain
What structure relays messages from the cerebrum to the cerebellum?
Pons
What structure controls the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
What structure performs an interpretation of sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum
Thalamus
What are the hills on the cerebrum
Gyri
What are the valleys on the cerebrum
Sulci
What structure deals with motor functions we perform without conscious thought.
Cerebellum
What does the corpus callosum do? There are other structures in the brain and spinal cord that do it too. What is the general term.
The corpus callosum allows the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate with one another. The general term is commissures.
Where is the majority of cerebrospinal fluid produced?
Lateral ventricles
Where is the rest of cerebrospinal fluid produced?
Third and fourth ventricles
What is the purpose of cerebrospinal fluid?
CSF cushions and protects the brain.
What three structures covering the skull protect the brain? What are they called collectively. Name from outermost to innermost.
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. Collectively they are the meninges.
What are the arachnoid granulations? What do they do?
Arachnoid granulations are extensions of the arachnoid mater, which return CSF to the superior sagittal sinus so that it returns to the blood within the sinus.
What are the three neurons in the reflex arc and in what order are they activated?
The reflex arc has an afferent (sensory) neuron, association neuron, and an efferent (motor) neuron. They’re activated in that order. First the afferent neuron sends the sensory information to the spinal cord, the association neuron then roots the signal to the efferent neuron, finally the efferent neurons stimulates the muscle to contract.
Where is the association neuron in the reflex arc?
It is entirely within the spinal cord.
Of the three neuron circuits we discussed in the previous module which type of circuit is formed by the afferent neuron in the reflex arc?
The afraid neuron forms a diverging circuit to send information along the reflex arc and also to the brain.
In the reflex arc which kind of circuit is the efferent neuron a part?
There is a converging circuit on the effort neurons since both a reflex aren’t in the brain is controlled the muscle.
