Review question answers Flashcards by Jade Molyneux

Diverticula in the colon can be infected with what type of bacteria

Both G+ and G-

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Kyphosis is due to

Osteoporosis

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Best diuretic if pt has osteoporosis

Thiazide diuretic

Slow down kidneys excretion of calcium and increase calcium reabsorption

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How does NSAID damage kidney

Vasodilatory effects on prostaglandins which leads to ischemia of kidney

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Highest risk of atypical pneumonia in what age ranges

College students, school age children, military recruits

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Painless bright red vaginal bleeding in 2nd or 3rd trimester

Placenta previa

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End stage disease due to HTN

AV nicking (retinopathy), LV hypertrophy, stroke

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Vaginal bleeding + cramping but cervix remains closed

Threatened abortion

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Fishy odor, milky white discharge, ph >4.5, clue cells

Bacterial vaginosis

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Small white lesions in vulvula/anal area; itching, bleeding from skin tears, blisters

Lichen sclerosis

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TORCH infections

Toxoplasma, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes

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Drugs that trigger G6PD deficiency anemia

Antimalarials, aspirin, nitrofurantoin, NSAIDs, quinidine, sulfa drugs

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Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Complication of PID due to chlamydia

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Medicare part B

Outpatient care, durable medical equipment, home health services, preventative services

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Treponema Pallidum

G- spirochete bacterium that causes syphilis

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AFP produced by

Fetal liver

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Baseline blood work to determine cause of A Fib

TSH, dig level, electrolyte panel

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Vaginal bleeding with pain and cervical dilation and/or effacement

Inevitable abortion

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Softening of lower portion of uterus; probable sign of pregnancy

Hogar’s sign

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Where is uterus at 20 weeks gestartion

Palpable at umbilicus

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3 cardinal signs of COPD

Dyspnea, chronic cough, sputum production

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Blue discoloration of cervix/vagina

Chadwick’s sign

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Follow up test if pt is + for anti-HCV

Hep C RNA test

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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

HA, myalgia, rigors, sweating, hypotension, rash

Due to spirochete bacteria such as syphilis and Lyme disease

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BP in coractation of aorta

Higher in arms than legs

Clue cells

Squamous epithelial cells whose surfaces and edges are coated with large numbers of bacteria

Tx lyme disease

Doxy BID 21 days

Scaly red rash on breast that does not resolve after few weeks

Could be breast CA

Common SE of metformin

Diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea, gas

Rovsing's sign

RLQ pain intensified by LLQ pressure

Somogyi phenomenon

Too much insulin in the evening results in hypoglycemia in early morning, which causes release of glucagon and epi which results in high blood glucose in morning

Initial evaluation for intermittent claudication

Checking ankle and brachial BP before and after exercise

Peak expiratory flow volume is determined by

Height, gender, age

Pap smear collects

Squamous epithelial and endocervical cells

Physiologic jaundice

Buildup of unconjugated bilirubin | Does not require phototherapy

Koilonychia

Spoon shaped nails | Associated with iron deficiency anemia

S3 heart sound

Normal variant in children, healthy young adults and athletes Classic finding in HF

Primary carb in breast milk and formula

Lactose

Absolute CI for OCP

Pregnancy, smoking >35, liver impairment

Complications of MVP

Mitral regurgitation, endocarditis, and risk of stroke and TIA

Test for H Pylori

Urea breath test

Condyloma acuminata

Genital warts

Painless chancre, maculopapular rash on palms and soles, lymphadenopathy

Syphilis

PID causes increased risk of

Ectopic pregnancy, scarring of fallopian tubes, infertility

Fatigue, loss of energy, depression, low grade fever, muscle and joint aches, stiffness

Acute gout vs chronic gout tx

Acute: indomethacin Prevent: allopurinol

Enterobiasis infection

Pinworms | Use scotch tape test

What murmur can you hear a thrill

Grade 4

HBsAg

Marker of infectivity

AntiHBs

Marker of immunity

Anti-Hbc

marker of acute, chronic or resolved Hep B virus

RhoGam

Causes destruction of Rh and fetal RBC that are present in mother's circulation

Auspitz sign

Bleeding that occurs after psoriasis scales have been removed

Cheilosis

Acute or chronic inflammation of mucosa and adjacent skin due to excess moister or salivation

Normal liver span

15-18cm in midclavicular line

Horizontal nystagmus

Normal variation on PE

Anthrax prophylaxis preferred tx

Ciprofloxacin

Pes planus

Flat feet

Criteria used to dx AIDS

Hairy leukoplakia of tongue, kaposi's sarcoma, thrush

Posterior fontanel closes by

3 months

Anterior fontanel closes by

12-18 months

Hidradenitis supprartiva

Chronic skin condition found in apocrine glands of axilla or groin

Massaging prostate in acute prostatitis

Erysipelas caused by

GAS

White, gray or blue opaque ring in corneal margin

Arcus senilis | Can occur due to increased lipidemia

CI to metformin

Renal or hepatic disease, alcoholism, hypoxia, sepsis, dehydration

Most common cause of CAP

Strep pneumoniae

HTN eye exam findings

Silver wiring, AV nicking, flame shaped hemorrhages, papilledema

microaneurysms in eye

Due to diabetes

Congenital tumor of kidney that should never be palpated

Wilms tumor

1st line tx for PUD

H2 blocker

Zolinger elison

Ulceration

Tx gonorrhea

Ceftriaxone IM and azithromycin

Scrotal edema and pain with palpation

Epididymitis

Prophylaxis for PCP pneumonia

Bactrim, dapsone, aerolized pentamidine

Loss of vision, marked scalp tenderness, bad headache

Giant cell arteritis

Pain in knee and locking up while attempting to straighten knee

Meniscus injury

Possible complication of severe eclampsia

Placenta abruption

Severe right side pain with vaginal bleeding in young female

Evaluate ectopic pregnancy

Serum gamma glutamyl transaminase may be increased in

alcoholics

Menarche begins how many years after breast budding

2-3 years

Balanitis

Yeast infection of glans of penis | Caused by candida albicans

Sentinel nodes

AKA virchow nodes Found at supraclavicular area of chest 1st nodes that a cancer lesion will drain to

Warafarin interacts with what antibiotic

Bactrim | Increases bleeding

Cremasteric reflex

Stroke inner thigh and watch testicle on ipsilateral side go up

pulsus paradoxus

Decreased systolic BP on inspiration

Eye findings in diabetic

Microaneurysms

First permanent teeth around 6 years old

First molars

Rosela Infantum

Due to HH6 or 7 | High fever followed by maculopapular rash after the fever breaks

Erythema infectiosium

5th disease Due to parvovirus Slapped cheek rash with lacy rash that appears later on trunk and arms/legs

3 stages of 5th disease

1: prodromal--URI sx 2: Red rash on cheeks 3: Lacy rash on arms and legs

Fever and rash on ankles/wrists and moving to palms of hands and trunk

Rocky mountain spotted fever | tx: Doxy

Management of essential tremor

Propranolol

Common SE of atypical antipsychotics

Orthostatic hypotension and sedation | Monitor for FBG, fasting lipids, weight

1st line for mild case of C dif

Flagyl 500mg TID for 10 days

How to rule out cauda equina

MRI

CI to bupropion

Seizures, anorexia, bulimia, brain injuries

Spirometry values in COPD

Decreased FEV1, increased TLC, Increased RV

How does prostate feel in BPH

Rubbery and uniformly enlarged

Spleen's longest axis

11-20cm; not usually palpable

Minimum number of days to quarantine an animal suspected of rabies

10 days

Top cause of female infertility

Ovulation disorder

Meniere disease

Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

Addisons disease

Adrenal insufficiency | Increased potassium, decreased sodium

Polymyalgia rheumatica

New onset vision loss, pain in neck, shoulders and hips Increased risk of temporal arteritis Tx with steroids

Tx animal bite

augmentin 500mg BID

Candidal intertrigo

Where skin rubs together such as under breasts or in groin area

PID major criteria

Cervical motion tenderness, adnexal tenderness, uterine tenderness

Fragile X syndrome

Males>females Face is long and narrow with prominent forehead + chin + ears Hyperlaxity of joints

Most common location of TB

Upper lobe | Cavitation on X ray--round black holes

Lung cancer screening

Annual CT if 55-80 years and >30 pack year history and currently smoke or quit within 15 years

First line tx PTSD

SSRI

Most powerful risk factor for TB

HIV

SSRI with highest risk of ED

Paroxetine

Tx pinworms (Enterobiasis)

Albendazole

Where does mitral regurg readiate to

Left axilla

Which ear drops are not ototoxic and can be used with perforated TM

Ofloxacin

Rubeola

Measles | Koplik spots in mouth, blotchy pink rash

1st line tx allergic rhinitis

Steroid nasal spray

Intussusception

Currant jelly stools and sausage like mass with pain

Tx chlamydial urethritis

Azithromycin or doxy

Preferred drugs for tx of HF

ACEI or ARB