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Review question answers Flashcards

1
Q

Diverticula in the colon can be infected with what type of bacteria

A

Both G+ and G-

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2
Q

Kyphosis is due to

A

Osteoporosis

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3
Q

Best diuretic if pt has osteoporosis

A

Thiazide diuretic

Slow down kidneys excretion of calcium and increase calcium reabsorption

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4
Q

How does NSAID damage kidney

A

Vasodilatory effects on prostaglandins which leads to ischemia of kidney

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5
Q

Highest risk of atypical pneumonia in what age ranges

A

College students, school age children, military recruits

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6
Q

Painless bright red vaginal bleeding in 2nd or 3rd trimester

A

Placenta previa

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7
Q

End stage disease due to HTN

A

AV nicking (retinopathy), LV hypertrophy, stroke

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8
Q

Vaginal bleeding + cramping but cervix remains closed

A

Threatened abortion

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9
Q

Fishy odor, milky white discharge, ph >4.5, clue cells

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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10
Q

Small white lesions in vulvula/anal area; itching, bleeding from skin tears, blisters

A

Lichen sclerosis

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11
Q

TORCH infections

A

Toxoplasma, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes

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12
Q

Drugs that trigger G6PD deficiency anemia

A

Antimalarials, aspirin, nitrofurantoin, NSAIDs, quinidine, sulfa drugs

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13
Q

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

A

Complication of PID due to chlamydia

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14
Q

Medicare part B

A

Outpatient care, durable medical equipment, home health services, preventative services

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15
Q

Treponema Pallidum

A

G- spirochete bacterium that causes syphilis

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16
Q

AFP produced by

A

Fetal liver

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17
Q

Baseline blood work to determine cause of A Fib

A

TSH, dig level, electrolyte panel

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18
Q

Vaginal bleeding with pain and cervical dilation and/or effacement

A

Inevitable abortion

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19
Q

Softening of lower portion of uterus; probable sign of pregnancy

A

Hogar’s sign

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20
Q

Where is uterus at 20 weeks gestartion

A

Palpable at umbilicus

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21
Q

3 cardinal signs of COPD

A

Dyspnea, chronic cough, sputum production

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22
Q

Blue discoloration of cervix/vagina

A

Chadwick’s sign

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23
Q

Follow up test if pt is + for anti-HCV

A

Hep C RNA test

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24
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

A

HA, myalgia, rigors, sweating, hypotension, rash

Due to spirochete bacteria such as syphilis and Lyme disease

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25
Q

BP in coractation of aorta

A

Higher in arms than legs

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26
Q

Clue cells

A

Squamous epithelial cells whose surfaces and edges are coated with large numbers of bacteria

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27
Q

Tx lyme disease

A

Doxy BID 21 days

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28
Q

Scaly red rash on breast that does not resolve after few weeks

A

Could be breast CA

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29
Q

Common SE of metformin

A

Diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea, gas

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30
Q

Rovsing’s sign

A

RLQ pain intensified by LLQ pressure

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31
Q

Somogyi phenomenon

A

Too much insulin in the evening results in hypoglycemia in early morning, which causes release of glucagon and epi which results in high blood glucose in morning

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32
Q

Initial evaluation for intermittent claudication

A

Checking ankle and brachial BP before and after exercise

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33
Q

Peak expiratory flow volume is determined by

A

Height, gender, age

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34
Q

Pap smear collects

A

Squamous epithelial and endocervical cells

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35
Q

Physiologic jaundice

A

Buildup of unconjugated bilirubin

Does not require phototherapy

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36
Q

Koilonychia

A

Spoon shaped nails

Associated with iron deficiency anemia

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37
Q

S3 heart sound

A

Normal variant in children, healthy young adults and athletes
Classic finding in HF

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38
Q

Primary carb in breast milk and formula

A

Lactose

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39
Q

Absolute CI for OCP

A

Pregnancy, smoking >35, liver impairment

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40
Q

Complications of MVP

A

Mitral regurgitation, endocarditis, and risk of stroke and TIA

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41
Q

Test for H Pylori

A

Urea breath test

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42
Q

Condyloma acuminata

A

Genital warts

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43
Q

Painless chancre, maculopapular rash on palms and soles, lymphadenopathy

A

Syphilis

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44
Q

PID causes increased risk of

A

Ectopic pregnancy, scarring of fallopian tubes, infertility

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45
Q

Fatigue, loss of energy, depression, low grade fever, muscle and joint aches, stiffness

A

RA

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46
Q

Acute gout vs chronic gout tx

A

Acute: indomethacin
Prevent: allopurinol

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47
Q

Enterobiasis infection

A

Pinworms

Use scotch tape test

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48
Q

What murmur can you hear a thrill

A

Grade 4

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49
Q

HBsAg

A

Marker of infectivity

50
Q

AntiHBs

A

Marker of immunity

51
Q

Anti-Hbc

A

marker of acute, chronic or resolved Hep B virus

52
Q

RhoGam

A

Causes destruction of Rh and fetal RBC that are present in mother’s circulation

53
Q

Auspitz sign

A

Bleeding that occurs after psoriasis scales have been removed

54
Q

Cheilosis

A

Acute or chronic inflammation of mucosa and adjacent skin due to excess moister or salivation

55
Q

Normal liver span

A

15-18cm in midclavicular line

56
Q

Horizontal nystagmus

A

Normal variation on PE

57
Q

Anthrax prophylaxis preferred tx

A

Ciprofloxacin

58
Q

Pes planus

59
Q

Criteria used to dx AIDS

A

Hairy leukoplakia of tongue, kaposi’s sarcoma, thrush

60
Q

Posterior fontanel closes by

61
Q

Anterior fontanel closes by

A

12-18 months

62
Q

Hidradenitis supprartiva

A

Chronic skin condition found in apocrine glands of axilla or groin

63
Q

Massaging prostate in acute prostatitis

64
Q

Erysipelas caused by

65
Q

White, gray or blue opaque ring in corneal margin

A

Arcus senilis

Can occur due to increased lipidemia

66
Q

CI to metformin

A

Renal or hepatic disease, alcoholism, hypoxia, sepsis, dehydration

67
Q

Most common cause of CAP

A

Strep pneumoniae

68
Q

HTN eye exam findings

A

Silver wiring, AV nicking, flame shaped hemorrhages, papilledema

69
Q

microaneurysms in eye

A

Due to diabetes

70
Q

Congenital tumor of kidney that should never be palpated

A

Wilms tumor

71
Q

1st line tx for PUD

A

H2 blocker

72
Q

Zolinger elison

A

Ulceration

73
Q

Tx gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone IM and azithromycin

74
Q

Scrotal edema and pain with palpation

A

Epididymitis

75
Q

Prophylaxis for PCP pneumonia

A

Bactrim, dapsone, aerolized pentamidine

76
Q

Loss of vision, marked scalp tenderness, bad headache

A

Giant cell arteritis

77
Q

Pain in knee and locking up while attempting to straighten knee

A

Meniscus injury

78
Q

Possible complication of severe eclampsia

A

Placenta abruption

79
Q

Severe right side pain with vaginal bleeding in young female

A

Evaluate ectopic pregnancy

80
Q

Serum gamma glutamyl transaminase may be increased in

A

alcoholics

81
Q

Menarche begins how many years after breast budding

82
Q

Balanitis

A

Yeast infection of glans of penis

Caused by candida albicans

83
Q

Sentinel nodes

A

AKA virchow nodes
Found at supraclavicular area of chest
1st nodes that a cancer lesion will drain to

84
Q

Warafarin interacts with what antibiotic

A

Bactrim

Increases bleeding

85
Q

Cremasteric reflex

A

Stroke inner thigh and watch testicle on ipsilateral side go up

86
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

Decreased systolic BP on inspiration

87
Q

Eye findings in diabetic

A

Microaneurysms

88
Q

First permanent teeth around 6 years old

A

First molars

89
Q

Rosela Infantum

A

Due to HH6 or 7

High fever followed by maculopapular rash after the fever breaks

90
Q

Erythema infectiosium

A

5th disease
Due to parvovirus
Slapped cheek rash with lacy rash that appears later on trunk and arms/legs

91
Q

3 stages of 5th disease

A

1: prodromal–URI sx
2: Red rash on cheeks
3: Lacy rash on arms and legs

92
Q

Fever and rash on ankles/wrists and moving to palms of hands and trunk

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

tx: Doxy

93
Q

Management of essential tremor

A

Propranolol

94
Q

Common SE of atypical antipsychotics

A

Orthostatic hypotension and sedation

Monitor for FBG, fasting lipids, weight

95
Q

1st line for mild case of C dif

A

Flagyl 500mg TID for 10 days

96
Q

How to rule out cauda equina

97
Q

CI to bupropion

A

Seizures, anorexia, bulimia, brain injuries

98
Q

Spirometry values in COPD

A

Decreased FEV1, increased TLC, Increased RV

99
Q

How does prostate feel in BPH

A

Rubbery and uniformly enlarged

100
Q

Spleen’s longest axis

A

11-20cm; not usually palpable

101
Q

Minimum number of days to quarantine an animal suspected of rabies

102
Q

Top cause of female infertility

A

Ovulation disorder

103
Q

Meniere disease

A

Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

104
Q

Addisons disease

A

Adrenal insufficiency

Increased potassium, decreased sodium

105
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatica

A

New onset vision loss, pain in neck, shoulders and hips
Increased risk of temporal arteritis
Tx with steroids

106
Q

Tx animal bite

A

augmentin 500mg BID

107
Q

Candidal intertrigo

A

Where skin rubs together such as under breasts or in groin area

108
Q

PID major criteria

A

Cervical motion tenderness, adnexal tenderness, uterine tenderness

109
Q

Fragile X syndrome

A

Males>females
Face is long and narrow with prominent forehead + chin + ears
Hyperlaxity of joints

110
Q

Most common location of TB

A

Upper lobe

Cavitation on X ray–round black holes

111
Q

Lung cancer screening

A

Annual CT if 55-80 years and >30 pack year history and currently smoke or quit within 15 years

112
Q

First line tx PTSD

113
Q

Most powerful risk factor for TB

114
Q

SSRI with highest risk of ED

A

Paroxetine

115
Q

Tx pinworms (Enterobiasis)

A

Albendazole

116
Q

Where does mitral regurg readiate to

A

Left axilla

117
Q

Which ear drops are not ototoxic and can be used with perforated TM

118
Q

Rubeola

A

Measles

Koplik spots in mouth, blotchy pink rash

119
Q

1st line tx allergic rhinitis

A

Steroid nasal spray

120
Q

Intussusception

A

Currant jelly stools and sausage like mass with pain

121
Q

Tx chlamydial urethritis

A

Azithromycin or doxy

122
Q

Preferred drugs for tx of HF

A

ACEI or ARB

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