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Comprehensive Review > Review Question > Flashcards

Review Question Flashcards

1
Q

A 50 yr old Male w/ alcohol use disorder presents to ED. ABG results are as followed: pH 7.2, pCO2 25, and Bicarbonate 15. What is the patients acid/base status? A. Metabolic Acidosis w/ Respiratory compensation B. Metabolic alkalosis w/ respiratory compensation C. Respiratory Acidosis w/ metabolic compensation D. Respiratory acidosis w/ w/ no metabolic compensation E. Metabolic acidosis w/ no respiratory compensation

A

A. Metabolic Acidosis w/ Respiratory compensation

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2
Q

A 3 yr old boy is brought to the doctor because of loss of previously acquired motor skills. Physical examination shows distinctive coarse facial features, a nose with a flattened bridge, an enlarged tongue, and presence of corneal clouding. Which of the following would be the likely diagnosis? A. Fetal alcohol syndrome B. Hunter Syndrome C. Hurler Syndrome D. Tay Sachs Disease E. Down’s Syndrome

A

C. Hurler Syndrome

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3
Q

Why is water a great solvent? A. Low BP B. Higher Solid Density C. High MP D. EZ water phase

A

C. High MP

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4
Q

What is the diagnosis form the following ABG: PH 7.3; HCO3 30; PaCO2 49 A. Metabolic acidosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Respiratory acidosis D. Respiratory Alkalosis

A

C. Respiratory Acidosis

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5
Q

What is the diagnosis form the following ABG: PH 7.48; HCO3 30; PaCO2 49 A. Metabolic acidosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Respiratory acidosis D. Respiratory Alkalosis

A

B. Metabolic alkalosis

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6
Q

What is the structure?

A. glucose

B. Mannose

C. Galactose D.

D-Fructose

A

C. Galactose

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7
Q

What is this structure?

A. Glucose

B. Mannose

C. Galactose

D. D-Fructose

A

A. Glucose

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8
Q

What is the glycosidic linkage in lactose? A. Alpha-D-Glucose(1,2)-beta-Fructose B. beta-D-Galactose(1,4)-Glucose C. Beta-D-Galatose(1,2)-Glucose D. Alpha-D-Galactose(1,4)-Glucose

A

B. beta-D-Galactose(1,4)-Glucose

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9
Q

Accumulation of what substance can lead diabetic cataractogenesis? A. Glucose B. Fructose C. Sorbitol D. Sucrose

A

C. Sorbitol

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10
Q

What is the following structure?

A. Guanine

B. Cytosine

C. Thymine

D. Uracil

E. Adenine

A

A. Guanine

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11
Q

What type of damage occurs to DNA in Xeroderma pigmentosa? A. Free radical damage B. Phosphodiester breakage C. Pyrimidine dimer formation preventing replication D. Inactivation of DNA polymerase

A

C. Pyrimidine dimer formation preventing replication

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12
Q

An individual with decreased sweating, angiokeratomas, and peripheral neuropathy has a deficiency in what enzyme? A. Alpha-L-Iduronidase B. Alpha-galactosidase A C. Hexoaminidase A D. Sphingomyelinase

A

B. Alpha-galactosidase A

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13
Q

A patient presents with dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis. What is the likely deficiency? A. Tryptophan B. Niacin C. Tyrosine D. Phenylalanine

A

A. Tryptophan

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14
Q

Which correctly describes the patient with an alpha-1-antiprotease deficiency. A. Increased Elastin B. Low elastase activity C. Decreased elastin D. Only due to genetic cause

A

C. Decreased elastin

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15
Q

What type of plasma protein forms a complex with hemoglobin to prevent hemoglobin loss in the kidney? A. Alpha-2-globulins B. Alpha-1-globulins C. Pentagon in D. Hemopexin

A

A. Alpha-2-globulins

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16
Q

What is the most abundant plasma protein? A. Collagen B. Fibrinogen C. CRP D. Albumin

A

D. Albumin

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17
Q

Patient visiting his doctor come in with a defect in plasma cells will have low levels of which plasma protein? A. CRP B. Immunoglobulins C. Albumin D. Alpha-1-globulins

A

B. Immunoglobulins

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18
Q

What is the primary acid-base abnormality?

A. Metabolic alkalosis

B. Respiratory acidosis

C. Metabolic acidosis

D. Respiratory alkalosis

E. No abnormality

A

C. Metabolic Acidosis

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19
Q

Calculate his anion gap. Is there an increase in the anion gap?

A. 12; yes there is an increase in the anion gap

B. 18.4; no there is no increase in the anion gap

C. 12; no there is no increase in the anion gap

D. 18.4; yes there is an increase in the anion gap

E. 122; yes there is an increase in the anion gap

A

C. 12; no there is no increase in the anion gap

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20
Q

Is there a compensatory mechanism for this abnormality?

A. Yes, lungs should hypoventilate

B. Yes, lungs should hyperventilate

C. No, there is no compensation for metabolic acidosis

D. Yes, the kidney should excrete H+ and generate new bicarbonate

E. None of the above

A

B. Yes, lungs should hyperventilate

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21
Q

What are the common causes for non-anion gap metabolic acidosis? [Select all that applies] A. Diarrhea B. RTA C. Diuretics D. Ketoacidosis E. Toxin Ingestion (PEG, Methanol, Aspirin)

A

A. Diarrhea B. RTA C. Diuretics

22
Q

Hurler Syndrome is a _____ in which there is a deficiency in the enzyme ______ causing the build up of _____ and ____ resulting in visual problems and coarsening facial features. A. Glycogen storage disease, alpha-L-iduronidase, heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. B. Lysosomal storage disease, aldose reductase, keratan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. C. Glycogen storage disease, aldose reductase, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. D. Lysosomal storage disease, alpha-L-iduronidase, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. E. Lysosomal storage disease, alpha-L-iduronidase, keratan sulfate and dermatan sulfate.

A

D. Lysosomal storage disease, alpha-L-iduronidase, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate.

23
Q

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT: A. The accumulation of sorbitol in diabetic patients with high blood glucose results favored formation of sorbitol leading to an accumulation of fluid in the eye, therefore contributing to diabetic cataractogenesis. B. Sorbitol dehydrogenase reductase is activated by glucose to catalyze the formation of sorbitol. C. Aldose reductase has a high Km and low affinity for glucose. D. The eye, kidney, and nerve cells have very low sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. E. Hyperglycemia is linked to increased blood flow in the eye.

A

B. Sorbitol dehydrogenase reductase is activated by glucose to catalyze the formation of sorbitol.

24
Q

Which of the following is true about Tay Sachs Disease? A. It is an autosomal recessive disorder most prevalent in the Ashkenazi Jew population. B. It is caused by a mutation in the HEXA or HEXB genes which encode the subunits of the hexosaminidase enzyme. C. It leads to the accumulation of GM2-ganglioside and is an example of a lysosomal storage disorder. D. It is characterized by cherry-red spots on the macula, blindness, seizures, and paralysis. E. All of the above.

A

E. All of the above.

25
Q

Which of the following is true? Select all that apply. A. Fabry’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder B. Tay Sachs disease is an x-linked recessive disorder C. Fabry’s disease is due to a deficiency in the hexosaminidase enzyme D. A symptom of Fabry’s disease is decreased sweating E. All of the above

A

D. A symptom of Fabry’s disease is decreased sweating

26
Q

Albumin proteins are not attacked by Kupffer cells (tissue macrophages) in the liver primarily due to: A. Albumin lacking carbohydrates and salicylic acid needed for kupffer cells to recognize liver proteins B. Albumin is not synthesized in the liver C. Albumin possesses both carbohydrates and salicylic acid rendering kupffer cells unable to recognize it D. Albumin having a low viscosity and being primarily responsible for low osmotic pressure

A

A. Albumin lacking carbohydrates and salicylic acid needed for kupffer cells to recognize liver proteins

27
Q

An enzyme that catalyzes a reaction: A. Speeds up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy only (Delta G unchanged) B. Stabilizes a reaction by increasing the activation energy only C. Speeds up the rate of reaction by lowering both the activation energy and Gibbs free energy (Delta G) D. Speeds up the rate of reaction by altering the equilibrium constant (Keq) for a given reaction

A

A. Speeds up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy only (Delta G unchanged)

28
Q

Which of the following is the best description of the cell membrane A: Amphipathic molecules of the cell membrane create non-selective permeability, preventing potassium and sodium from diffusing directly through the lipid membrane B: The cell membrane separated ECF from ICF preventing charged molecules from achieving their equilibrium potential C: The lipid bilayer of a red blood cell contains selective localization of phospholipids, produced by an ATP-independent aminophospholipid translocase D: the lipid bilayer separates ECF from interstitial fluid keeping potassium concentration high in interstitial fluid. E: All the above.

A

B: The cell membrane separated ECF from ICF preventing charged molecules from achieving their equilibrium potential

29
Q

What kind of molecules can do simple diffusion? A. Lipophilic, small B. Hydrophilic, small C. Hydrophilic, Large D. None of these

A

A. Lipophilic, small

30
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of plasma membrane? A. Hydrophobic tails can flip easily B. Allows creation of concentration gradients C. Cholesterol increases permeability D. All membrane proteins are amphipathic

A

B. Allows creation of concentration gradient

31
Q

Which of the following is an active process? A. Phagocytosis B. Exocytosis C. Pinocytosis D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

32
Q

If the concentration gradient of the diffusible substance doubles, then the rate of diffusion will: A. Triple B. Quadruple C. Double D. Half

A

C. Double

33
Q

Which mechanism is used by glucose to move into the blood from the cell? A. Facilitated diffusion B. Secondary active transport C. Primary transport D. Torticolis

A

A. Facilitated diffusion

34
Q

What is the name of the membrane protein that performs facilitated diffusion for glucose? Which side is it on? A. GLUT; apical B. GLUT; Basolateral C. SGLUT; Apical D. SGLUT; Basolateral

A

B. GLUT; basolateral

35
Q

What protein is a common cause of variation of side effects to drugs in differing patients? A. SERCA B. Na/K ATPase C. IP3/DAG D. P-glycoprotein

A

D. P-glycoprotein

36
Q

Which substance is a metabolic poison that attaches and disrupts cytochrome C oxidase? A. Sodium Azide B. Alcohol C. DNP D. THC

A

A. Sodium Azide

37
Q

Which of the following would be classified as academia? A. 7.64 B. 7.32 C. 7.40 D. 7.37

A

B. 7.32

38
Q

Which of the following ill increase water output? A. ANP B. Aldosterone C. ADH D. Angiotensin II

A

A. ANP

39
Q

Most of the body water resides in the ECF; True False

A

False

40
Q

Which of the following have a higher ICF concentration? A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Proteins D. Calcium

A

B. Potassium C. Proteins

41
Q

How much plasma does a healthy 75 kg adult have? A. 12 Kg B. 3 Kg C. 30 Kg D. 15 Kg

A

B. 3 Kg

42
Q

Which forces tend to drive fluid out of the capillary and into the venues? A. Oncotic capillary Pressure B. Hydrostatic interstitial Pressure C. Hydrostatic capillary Pressure D. Oncotic interstitial fluid pressure

A

C. Hydrostatic capillary Pressure D. Oncotic interstitial fluid pressure

43
Q

What is the effective plasma osmolality(tonicity) of a solution containing 150 mmol/ Kg NaCl, 150 glucose, and 100 Urea? A. 300 B. 150 C. 550 D. 450

A

D. 450

44
Q

RVD is a response to a cell placed in ____ Solution. A. Hypotonic B. Nacho cheese C. Hypertonic D. Isotonic

A

A. Hypotonic

45
Q

The _____ system moves fluid from the ______ to the _______. A. Circulatory; lymphatics; veins B. Lymphatics; veins; interstitial space C. Lymphatic; interstitial spaces; cardiovascular system D. Venous; plasma; interstitial space

A

C. Lymphatic; interstitial spaces; cardiovascular system

46
Q

What is the following structure?

A. Guanine

B. Cytosine

C. Thymine

D. Uracil

E. Adenine

A

B. Cytosine

47
Q

What is the following structure?

A. Guanine

B. Cytosine

C. Thymine

D. Uracil

E. Adenine

A

E. Adenine

48
Q

What is the following structure?

A. Guanine

B. Cytosine

C. Thymine

D. Uracil

E. Adenine

A

C. Thyime

49
Q

What is the following structure?

A. Guanine

B. Cytosine

C. Thymine

D. Uracil

E. Adenine

A

D. Uracil

50
Q

Which of the following represents the graph?

A. Competitive Inhibition

B. Noncompetitive inhibition

C. Uncompetitive Inhibition

D. None of the above

A

B. Noncompetitive Inhibition

51
Q

Which of the following represents the graph shown?

A. Uncompetitive Inhibition

B. Competitive inhibition

C. Noncompetitive inhibition

D. None of the above

A

B Competitive Inhibition

52
Q
A

Comprehensive Review (3 decks)

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