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protein synthesis review > review protein synthesis > Flashcards

review protein synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

_____ for diabetic patients can be synthesized by bacteria that have undergone recombinant DNA processes

A

insulin

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2
Q

The final phase of translation where the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome

A

 termination

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3
Q

A gene mutation where a nucleotide is removed from a gene

A

deletion

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4
Q

_____ bonds form between the nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule

A

hydrogen

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5
Q

unlike DNA, RNA is a _____- stranded molecule

A

single

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6
Q

the process of creating an mRNA strand from a DNA molecule

A

transcription

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7
Q

the shape of the DNA molecule (two words)

A

double-helix

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8
Q

any factor which causes a mutation is called a ______

A

mutagen

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9
Q

a gene mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

A

substitution

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10
Q

DNA and RNA are both types of _______ (two words)

A

nucleic acid

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11
Q

If the DNA strand read GATGGCTCA, the complimentary DNA strand would read

A

CTACCGAGT

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12
Q

this type of RNA is used in the ribosome during proteins synthesis

A

rRNA

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13
Q

The process of DNA making copies of itsself

A

 replication

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14
Q

The first phase of translation where the mRNA and first tRNA join up with the small ribosomal subunit is called _______

A

initiation

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15
Q

DNA is found in the ______ of eukaryotic cells

A

nucleus

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16
Q

many ribosomes can be translating a single mRNA strand at the same time - this unit is called a ______

A

polysome

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17
Q

the enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing strand during transcription

A

RNA polymerase

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18
Q

a nitrogenous base with an double ring structure

A

purine

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19
Q

proteins that associate with DNA to form chromosomes

A

 histones

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20
Q

The enzyme that “unzips “ the DNA strand during replication

A

helicase

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21
Q

a DNA subunit made up of three components

A

nucleotide

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22
Q

the three letter sequence on tRNA that is complimentary to an mRNA codon

A

anticodon

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23
Q

this type of RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosomes

A

 tRNA

24
Q

chromosomal _______ occur when entire portions of chromosomes are removed

A

deletion

25
Q

a change to the base-pair sequence of a DNA molecule

A

mutation

26
Q

a chromosomal mutation where a piece of chromosome is “flipped”

A

inversion

27
Q

proteins are made up of chains of ___________ strung together (two words)

A

amino acids

28
Q

this type of RNA brings the instructions from the DNA molecule to the ribosomes

A

mRNA

29
Q

DNA is made up of many repeating subunits and is therefore referred to as being a ______

A

polymer

30
Q

replication of the DNA molecule is considered to be a ___________ process because each daughter strand contains half “old DNA” and half “new DNA “ (two words)

A

semi conservative

31
Q

The reading of an mRNA strand by a ribosome to make a protein is called ________

A

translation

32
Q

UV light and X rays are examples of ________ mutagens

A

radiation

33
Q

a _____ mutation affects only one gene

A

gene

34
Q

HPV is an example of a ______ mutagen

A

viral

35
Q

A gene mutation where a nucleotide is inserted into a gene

A

 addition

36
Q

A chromosomal mutation is where a piece of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome

A

translocation

37
Q

RNA contains one nitrogenous base not found in the DNA called

A

uracil

38
Q

A nitrogenous bases with a single ring structure

A

pyrimidine

39
Q

completed proteins are sent to the _____________ for final processing and packaging (2words)

A

golgi apparatus

40
Q

benzene and dioxins are examples of ________ mutagens

A

chemical

41
Q

Chromosomal mutation where a portion of a chromosome repeats itself

A

duplication

42
Q

A mutation that causes cancer is called a ______

A

carcinogen

43
Q

_______ mutations occur in he gametes or early on in the embryological development

A

germinal

44
Q

_____ bonds form between adjoining amino acids

A

peptide

45
Q

The number of purine bases will always equal the number of pyrimidine bases according to ________’s rule

A

Chargaff

46
Q

The amino acid chain is released from the ribosome when a stop codon signals for _______________ to enter the ribosome (two words)

A

release factor

47
Q

A small circular piece of DNA that can be used to transfer DNA from one species to another species

A

 plasmid

48
Q

a _________ mutation affects many genes because large portions of chromosomes are altered

A

chromosomal

49
Q

addition and deletion mutations can cause a devastating effects because they cause a ___________ where are all codons downstream of the mutation or altered

A

frame shift mutation

50
Q

The enzyme that adds new DNA nucleotides to the growing stranger and replication

A

DNA polymerase

51
Q

The second phase of translation where the amino acid chain grows is called _____

A

elongation

52
Q

if the DNA strand read GATCCTAA the mRNA strand transcribed from it would be read as

A

CUAGGAUU

53
Q

strong ________ from between the sugar and phosphate to form the backbone of the molecule

A

covalent

54
Q

The three letters sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

A

codon

55
Q

during transcription the __________ strand of the DNA molecule is used to code for the mRNA molecule

A

 sense

protein synthesis review (1 decks)

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