review protein synthesis

Question 1

_____ for diabetic patients can be synthesized by bacteria that have undergone recombinant DNA processes

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

The final phase of translation where the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome

Answer 2

 termination

Question 3

A gene mutation where a nucleotide is removed from a gene

Answer 3

deletion

Question 4

_____ bonds form between the nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule

Answer 4

hydrogen

Question 5

unlike DNA, RNA is a _____- stranded molecule

Answer 5

single

Question 6

the process of creating an mRNA strand from a DNA molecule

Answer 6

transcription

Question 7

the shape of the DNA molecule (two words)

Answer 7

double-helix

Question 8

any factor which causes a mutation is called a ______

Answer 8

mutagen

Question 9

a gene mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

Answer 9

substitution

Question 10

DNA and RNA are both types of _______ (two words)

Answer 10

nucleic acid

Question 11

If the DNA strand read GATGGCTCA, the complimentary DNA strand would read

Answer 11

CTACCGAGT

Question 12

this type of RNA is used in the ribosome during proteins synthesis

Answer 12

rRNA

Question 13

The process of DNA making copies of itsself

Answer 13

 replication

Question 14

The first phase of translation where the mRNA and first tRNA join up with the small ribosomal subunit is called _______

Answer 14

initiation

Question 15

DNA is found in the ______ of eukaryotic cells

Answer 15

nucleus

Question 16

many ribosomes can be translating a single mRNA strand at the same time - this unit is called a ______

Answer 16

polysome

Question 17

the enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing strand during transcription

Answer 17

RNA polymerase

Question 18

a nitrogenous base with an double ring structure

Answer 18

purine

Question 19

proteins that associate with DNA to form chromosomes

Answer 19

 histones

Question 20

The enzyme that “unzips “ the DNA strand during replication

Answer 20

helicase

Question 21

a DNA subunit made up of three components

Answer 21

nucleotide

Question 22

the three letter sequence on tRNA that is complimentary to an mRNA codon

Answer 22

anticodon

Question 23

this type of RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosomes

Answer 23

 tRNA

Question 24

chromosomal _______ occur when entire portions of chromosomes are removed

Answer 24

deletion

Question 25

a change to the base-pair sequence of a DNA molecule

Answer 25

mutation

Question 26

a chromosomal mutation where a piece of chromosome is “flipped”

Answer 26

inversion

Question 27

proteins are made up of chains of ___________ strung together (two words)

Answer 27

amino acids

Question 28

this type of RNA brings the instructions from the DNA molecule to the ribosomes

Answer 28

mRNA

Question 29

DNA is made up of many repeating subunits and is therefore referred to as being a ______

Answer 29

polymer

Question 30

replication of the DNA molecule is considered to be a ___________ process because each daughter strand contains half “old DNA” and half “new DNA “ (two words)

Answer 30

semi conservative

Question 31

The reading of an mRNA strand by a ribosome to make a protein is called ________

Answer 31

translation

Question 32

UV light and X rays are examples of ________ mutagens

Answer 32

radiation

Question 33

a _____ mutation affects only one gene

Answer 33

gene

Question 34

HPV is an example of a ______ mutagen

Answer 34

viral

Question 35

A gene mutation where a nucleotide is inserted into a gene

Answer 35

 addition

Question 36

A chromosomal mutation is where a piece of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome

Answer 36

translocation

Question 37

RNA contains one nitrogenous base not found in the DNA called

Answer 37

uracil

Question 38

A nitrogenous bases with a single ring structure

Answer 38

pyrimidine

Question 39

completed proteins are sent to the _____________ for final processing and packaging (2words)

Answer 39

golgi apparatus

Question 40

benzene and dioxins are examples of ________ mutagens

Answer 40

chemical

Question 41

Chromosomal mutation where a portion of a chromosome repeats itself

Answer 41

duplication

Question 42

A mutation that causes cancer is called a ______

Answer 42

carcinogen

Question 43

_______ mutations occur in he gametes or early on in the embryological development

Answer 43

germinal

Question 44

_____ bonds form between adjoining amino acids

Answer 44

peptide

Question 45

The number of purine bases will always equal the number of pyrimidine bases according to ________’s rule

Answer 45

Chargaff

Question 46

The amino acid chain is released from the ribosome when a stop codon signals for _______________ to enter the ribosome (two words)

Answer 46

release factor

Question 47

A small circular piece of DNA that can be used to transfer DNA from one species to another species

Answer 47

 plasmid

Question 48

a _________ mutation affects many genes because large portions of chromosomes are altered

Answer 48

chromosomal

Question 49

addition and deletion mutations can cause a devastating effects because they cause a ___________ where are all codons downstream of the mutation or altered

Answer 49

frame shift mutation

Question 50

The enzyme that adds new DNA nucleotides to the growing stranger and replication

Answer 50

DNA polymerase

Question 51

The second phase of translation where the amino acid chain grows is called _____

Answer 51

elongation

Question 52

if the DNA strand read GATCCTAA the mRNA strand transcribed from it would be read as

Answer 52

CUAGGAUU

Question 53

strong ________ from between the sugar and phosphate to form the backbone of the molecule

Answer 53

covalent

Question 54

The three letters sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

Answer 54

codon

Question 55

during transcription the __________ strand of the DNA molecule is used to code for the mRNA molecule

Answer 55

 sense