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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - Lec > Review On Nucleic Acids & Proteins > Flashcards

Review On Nucleic Acids & Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA mean?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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2
Q

What does the DNA do?

A

Carries the hereditary information. It can replicate and mutate to build and maintain an organism.

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3
Q

A nucleoside contains what?

A

Pentose sugar + nitrogenous base

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4
Q

A nucleoside is held together by what bond?

A

N-glycosidic bond

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5
Q

Nucleotides are made out of what?

A

Nucleoside (pentose sugar & nitrogenous base) + phosphate group

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6
Q

Nucleotides are held together by what bond?

A

Ester bond

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7
Q

What are the types of nitrogenous bases?

A

Purines and pyrimidines

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8
Q

What type of base is (cytosine)?

A

Pyrimidine

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9
Q

What type of base <uracil>?</uracil>

A

Pyrimidine

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10
Q

What type of base <thymine>?</thymine>

A

Pyrimidine

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11
Q

What type of base <guanine>?</guanine>

A

Purine

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12
Q

What type of base <adenosine>?</adenosine>

A

Purine

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13
Q

The phosphate group is held together by ______

A

Anhydride bonds

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14
Q

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

A

RNA has a hydroxyl group in the 2’ of its sugar, while DNA only has H

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15
Q

What is/are the function of nucleotides?

A
  • Building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
  • Carriers of activated intermediates
  • Structural component of coenzymes
  • Regulatory compounds in pathways
  • Synthetic analogues as drugs
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16
Q

What forces maintain the structural integrity of the DNA?

A

Van der waals forces

17
Q

Heterochromatin is…

A

Highly condensed, darker on EM

18
Q

Euchromatin is…

A

Expressed, lighter on EM

19
Q

Describe the methylation and acetylation of heterochromatin

A

Increased methylation, decreased acetylation

20
Q

Describe the methylation and acetylation of euchromatin

A

Decreased methylation, increases acetylation

21
Q

What does methylation do to DNA?

A

Mutes the DNA

22
Q

What does acetylation do to DNA

A

Activates the DNA

23
Q

The most heterogenous RNA

A

mRNA (messenger RNA)

24
Q

What does the mRNA do?

A

Acts as a template for protein synthesis

25
Q

Most abundant RNA

A

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

26
Q

What is the function of rRNA?

A

Contributes to the formation and function of ribosomes

27
Q

What is the smallest RNA?

A

tRNA (transfer RNA)

28
Q

tRNA contains an _________ that connects the codon to a corresponding amino acid or a stop codon

A

Anticodon

29
Q

tRNA has a _______ appearance in 2D

A

Cloverleaf

30
Q

Supersecondary structures produced by packing of side chains from adjacent secondary structural elements

A

Motifs

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - Lec (9 decks)

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