Review On Nucleic Acids & Proteins Flashcards
What does DNA mean?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does the DNA do?
Carries the hereditary information. It can replicate and mutate to build and maintain an organism.
A nucleoside contains what?
Pentose sugar + nitrogenous base
A nucleoside is held together by what bond?
N-glycosidic bond
Nucleotides are made out of what?
Nucleoside (pentose sugar & nitrogenous base) + phosphate group
Nucleotides are held together by what bond?
Ester bond
What are the types of nitrogenous bases?
Purines and pyrimidines
What type of base is (cytosine)?
Pyrimidine
What type of base <uracil>?</uracil>
Pyrimidine
What type of base <thymine>?</thymine>
Pyrimidine
What type of base <guanine>?</guanine>
Purine
What type of base <adenosine>?</adenosine>
Purine
The phosphate group is held together by ______
Anhydride bonds
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
RNA has a hydroxyl group in the 2’ of its sugar, while DNA only has H
What is/are the function of nucleotides?
- Building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
- Carriers of activated intermediates
- Structural component of coenzymes
- Regulatory compounds in pathways
- Synthetic analogues as drugs
What forces maintain the structural integrity of the DNA?
Van der waals forces
Heterochromatin is…
Highly condensed, darker on EM
Euchromatin is…
Expressed, lighter on EM
Describe the methylation and acetylation of heterochromatin
Increased methylation, decreased acetylation
Describe the methylation and acetylation of euchromatin
Decreased methylation, increases acetylation
What does methylation do to DNA?
Mutes the DNA
What does acetylation do to DNA
Activates the DNA
The most heterogenous RNA
mRNA (messenger RNA)
What does the mRNA do?
Acts as a template for protein synthesis
Most abundant RNA
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
What is the function of rRNA?
Contributes to the formation and function of ribosomes
What is the smallest RNA?
tRNA (transfer RNA)
tRNA contains an _________ that connects the codon to a corresponding amino acid or a stop codon
Anticodon
tRNA has a _______ appearance in 2D
Cloverleaf
Supersecondary structures produced by packing of side chains from adjacent secondary structural elements
Motifs
