Review of the Cell Flashcards
Cell Theory
- All organisms are composed of one or more cells
- Cell is the structural unit of life
- Arise by division from a preexisting cell
4.Have genetic information in the form of DNA. Information is passed from parent to daughter cell.
Basic Properties of Cells
1.Respond to stimuli
2.Capable of self regulation
3.Evolve
4.Reproduce by division
5.Complex and Organized
6.Contain genetic information
7. acquire and use energy
8. carry out an array of different chemical reactions
7. involved in mechanical activities.
Cells respond to stimuli
Cells have receptors that allow them to interact with their environment
Cells are capable of self regulation
-Respond and keep a state of homeostasis
-requires a highly complex and organized set of molecular tools
Cells Evolve
-evolved from a single common ancestral cell
-different cells share many features including genetic code, membrane, ribosomes
Cells reproduce by division
Eg. Hela cells- cancer cells
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes (bacteria): do not have membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes (Animals, fungi, plants, protist): Have membrane bound organelles
Comparison: place here
Covalent bond
A chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between two atoms
Polar molecules (partial charges)
Hydrophilic
uneven distribution of charge because the component atoms have different electronegativities.
Nonpolar molecules
Hydrophobic
Covalent bonds have nearly symmetric distribution of charge because atoms have approximately the same electronegativities.
Side Chains: Nonpolar
Hydrophobic side is mainly C and H atoms. Play an role in membranes by associating with the lipid bilayer.
Side Chains: Polar
Uncharged: hydrophilic. Have partial charges to participate in chemical reactions.
Charged: Acts as acid and base that is fully charged.
Noncovalent Bond
A relatively weak chemical bond based on attractive forces between oppositely charged regions
Ionic bond (relatively weak in a cellular context)
electrostatic interactions that occurs between groups of opposite charges