Review of Normal Structure and Fxn

Question 1

What is the MAIN FXN o the lungs?

Answer 1

Provide continuous gas exchange at the same time supplying O2 and removing CO2

Question 2

What are the other functions of the lungs?

Answer 2

Gas Exchange, Ventilation, Metabolic, Mucociliary Clearance, Cough, Acid-Base Balance

Question 3

What structure separates URT from LRT?

Answer 3

Vocal cords

Question 4

What are the functions of the URT?

Answer 4

Warming, Humidification, Defense

Question 5

Where is the Larynx located?

What are its components?

Answer 5

At the level of C4-C6

Main components: Thyroid and Cricoid Cartilages
Other components: Arytenoids and Epiglottis

Question 6

If an object is to be lodged into the Respiratory tract, which main bronchus would it favor?

Answer 6

Right, since it is less sharply angled.

Question 7

Define the limits of the Trachea

Answer 7

Below the cricoid upto the carina

Question 8

During inspiration, at what level is the Carina located? How about during expiration?

Answer 8

T6

T5

Question 9

How many lobes and broncho pulmonary segments does each lung have?

Answer 9

Right has 3 lobes and 10 bronchopulmonary segments. Left has 2 lobes and 9 bronchopulmonary segments

Question 10

What are the 3 types of pneumocytes that are found in the alveoli? What are their functions?

Answer 10

Type 1 - Gas exchange
Type 2 - produce surfactant
Type 3 - absorb excess fluid

Question 11

During intubation, what happens to anatomic dead space?

Answer 11

It increases causing less area for gas exchange

Question 12

The part of the respiratory airway where no gas exchange happens

Answer 12

Conducting zone

-has the anatomic dead space

Question 13

The part of the airway where you will no longer find goblet cells and cilia

Answer 13

Terminal Bronchioles

Question 14

What composes the Conducting zone

Answer 14

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 15

What composes the Respiratory Zone

Answer 15

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs

Question 16

What is absent in the respiratory zone?

Answer 16

The muscularis layer

Question 17

Where is the chief site of greatest resistance?

Answer 17

Medium sized bronchi (5th-7th gen)

Question 18

Airflow that is characterized by Eddy currents

Answer 18

Turbulent

Question 19

Airflow found in small airways and is quiet

Answer 19

Laminar

Question 20

What happens to airway resistance when:
Diameter of tube inc?dec?
Length of tube inc?dec?
Flow rate inc? dec?

Answer 20

Diameter is inverse
Length is direct
Flow rate is direct

Question 21

Where is the narrowest cross-sectional area?

Answer 21

Subglottic space

Question 22

The greatest total cross-sectional area is the ______________. What type of motion is relevant in these areas

Answer 22

summed areas of the small peripheral airways

Brownian motion

Question 23

Chest wall resistance is how many percent of Respiratory resistance?

Answer 23

10%

Question 24

What are the two components of lung resistance?

Answer 24

Airway resistance and tissue resistance

Question 25

Discuss the Ohm’s Law:

How are the Pressure, Resistance and Flow related to each other?

Answer 25

Pressure  = Resistance x Flow
Resistance = Pressure / Flow
Flow = Pressure / Resistance

Question 26

Affinity of O2 doesnt change as successive molecules of O2 bind to Hb. (T/F)

Answer 26

F. It increases as more O2 is bound to Hb

Question 27

O2-Hb Curve:

What are the conditions that cause shifting of the O2-Hb curve to the right?

Answer 27

Inc in temp, Inc in acidity and Inc in CO2. These result sin O2 release from Hb.

Question 28

The Critical PO2? and its significance

Answer 28

60mmHg. Where the Hb-O2 plateau starts

Question 29

What determines PCO2?

Answer 29

Ventilatory rate

Question 30

What determines the work of breathing?

Answer 30

Elastic property/ Elasticity