Review of Law and Ethics Quiz (QUIZ 1)

Question 1

Which of the following are within the scope of practice of a naturopathic doctor based on regulations promulgated by the NM Board of Pharmacy? (Select all that apply)

Select one or more:
a. Prescribing controlled substances in Schedule II
b. Dispense all legend drugs
c. Prescribe controlled substances in Schedules III, IV, and V except benzodiazepines, opioids, and opioid derivatives
d. Administer all legend drugs
e. Naturopathic doctors may NOT prescribe

Answer 1

b. Dispense all legend drugs
c. Prescribe controlled substances in Schedules III, IV, and V except benzodiazepines, opioids, and opioid derivatives
d. Administer all legend drugs

Question 2

According to NM Administrative Code 16.19.6, Section 23, a pharmacist may make which of the following non-controlled substance prescription adaptations when filling a prescription if it meets the intent of the prescriber? (Select all that apply)

Select one or more:
a. A pharmacist is NOT allowed to modify a prescription
b. Medication name
c. Quantity or dosage
d. Dosage Form

Answer 2

c. Quantity or dosage
d. Dosage Form

Question 3

Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) must be reported to the New Mexico Board of pharmacy within 15 days of discovery by the pharmacy. The report must also include as applicable:

Select one:
a. The names of the patients who reported the ADEs to the pharmacy/pharmacist on duty.
b. A root cause analysis and recommendations for improvement.
c. The policies and procedures from the dispensing pharmacy with updates noted.
d. Disciplinary actions taken by the Pharmacist in Charge/Pharmacy Manager for the other staff members involved in the error or mis-fill, which resulted in the ADE.

Answer 3

b. A root cause analysis and recommendations for improvement.

Question 4

AwarxE aids in the disposal of unused, unwanted or expired medications. Using the https://safe.pharmacy/ website, at which pharmacy chain in Albuquerque, can you safely dispose of your unused medications?

Select one:
a. Albertson’s
b. Walgreens
c. Costco
d. Walmart

Answer 4

b. Walgreens

Question 5

The legalization of verbal transmission of prescription orders to pharmacists, and the legal right for pharmacists to recognize refill authorizations on the original prescriptions, were the results of the enactment of which amendment?

Select one:
a. Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962
b. Durham Humphrey Amendment of 1951
c. Food Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938
d. Prescription drug Marketing act of 1987

Answer 5

b. Durham Humphrey Amendment of 1951

Question 6

_______________ are promulgated by the appropriate administrative agency, in New Mexico, the board of pharmacy. The purpose is to enforce the laws that are enacted by the legislature and congress.

Select one:
a. Statutes
b. State codes
c. Regulations
d. All of the above

Answer 6

c. Regulations

Question 7

____________ establishes NM BOP to regulate the pharmacy profession and distribution of drugs in New Mexico

Select one:
a. NM Pharmacy Act
b. NM Drug Device and Cosmetic Act
c. Pharmacist Prescriptive Authority Act
d. Controlled Substances Act

Answer 7

a. NM Pharmacy Act

Question 8

The orange book, a reference and guide to ensure therapeutic equivalence when dispensing brand and generic alternatives is a part of

Select one:
a. Drug Precursors Act
b. Pharmacy Act
c. NM Drug Product Selection Act
d. Imitation Controlled substances Act

Answer 8

c. NM Drug Product Selection Act

Question 9

___________ specifies limitations on sale, prescribing of medications and also specifies label requirements on prescriptions and record keeping requirements

Select one:
a. NM Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act
b. Pharmacy Act
c. Pharmacist Prescriptive Authority Act
d. All of the above

Answer 9

a. NM Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act

Question 10

With the passing of _________________, a distinction was made between prescription and OTC medications.

Select one:
a. Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962
b. Food Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938
c. Durham Humphrey Amendment of 1951
d. Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987

Answer 10

c. Durham Humphrey Amendment of 1951

Question 11

_____________ are signed by the governor after being passed by the state legislature. Similarly, signed by the president after being passed by congress.

Select one:
a. Laws
b. Regulations
c. Addendums
d. Jurisdictions

Answer 11

a. Laws

Question 12

This act gives pharmacists through collaborative practice agreements, the ability to prescribe prescriptions with oversight of a supervising physician.

Select one:
a. NM Drug Device and Cosmetic Act
b. Pharmacist Prescriptive Authority Act
c. NM Pharmacy Act
d. Controlled Substances Act

Answer 12

b. Pharmacist Prescriptive Authority Act

Question 13

Assume that a state passed a law specifying that only a pharmacist may sell pseudoephedrine from a licensed pharmacy. Assume that federal law allows pseudoephedrine to be sold through any retail outlet. A consumer sued the state to have the state law invalidated because it conflicts with federal law. The consumer will:

Select one:
a. likely win on the basis that the state cannot regulate pseudoephedrine because the federal government has already regulated it
b. likely win on the basis of the preemption doctrine
c. likely lose because state law is more strict than federal law
d. likely win because state law is less strict than federal law

Answer 13

c. likely lose because state law is more strict than federal law

Question 14

The main function of the FDA is:

Select one:
a. Regulation to protect the public from contaminated meat and water
b. To protect the public against adulterated and misbranded drug products
c. To ensure that health insurance companies provide the best prices on medications
d. none of the above

Answer 14

b. To protect the public against adulterated and misbranded drug products

Question 15

With the Utilitarian theory of ethics, the “best” ethical choice is the one that leads to the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people?

Select one:
True
False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Under the Deontological ethical theory, the actions/duties to others include:

Select one:
a. Truthfulness
b. Promise keeping
c. Individual autonomy
d. Do no Harm
e. All of the above

Answer 16

e. All of the above

Question 17

“As health care professionals responsible for managing drug therapy, the welfare of patients should be the pharmacist’s primary concern in all aspects of pharmacy practice, including interactions with industry.”

Which ethical principle best exemplifies this guideline?
Select one:
a. Promise-keeping
b. Justice
c. Autonomy
d. Non-maleficence
e. Veracity

Answer 17

d. Non-maleficence

Question 18

The ethical principle that allows for patients to be independent decision makers and have their own unique views:

Select one:
a. Beneficence
b. Nonmaleficence
c. Autonomy
d. Justice

Answer 18

c. Autonomy

Question 19

Three principles that are not part the Utilitarian decision making framework:

Select one:
a. Justice, Maleficence, Beneficence
b. Veracity, Promise keeping, Confidentiality
c. Nonmaleficence, Autonomy, Justice

Answer 19

b. Veracity, Promise keeping, Confidentiality

Question 20

Contrasts between the utilitarian/consequentialist versus idealist/deontological viewpoints include:

Select one:
a. Outcome is all that matters for idealists versus both the outcome and the ethical nature of how you achieve the outcome are important for a utilitarian.
b. For a utilitarian, veracity is not important if society benefits in the end versus, for an idealist, veracity should be maintained while achieving maximum benefit for the patient.
c. For a utilitarian, the focus is upon inpatient treatments versus outpatient treatments for idealists.
d. Justice is less important for utilitarian viewpoints than for idealist viewpoints.

Answer 20

b. For a utilitarian, veracity is not important if society benefits in the end versus, for an idealist, veracity should be maintained while achieving maximum benefit for the patient.

Question 21

Which example best exemplifies an ethical decision based upon the principle of justice?

Select one:
a. A pharmacist decides not to report another pharmacist for being drunk on the job because no errors were made.
b. A pharmacist calls the physician to correct the dose on a drug order even though it will cause other patients to wait.
c. A law providing all persons, no matter what their economic situation, access to affordable health care.
d. A decision that, for the public good, cigarettes will no longer be sold in the front end of the pharmacy.
e. A law requiring patients to register their names in a database whenever they receive pseudoephedrine.

Answer 21

c. A law providing all persons, no matter what their economic situation, access to affordable health care.

Question 22

The most important consideration required to determine whether the patient’s autonomy should be considered in an ethical decision is:

Select one:
a. Whether you are serving on the hospital’s pharmacy and therapeutic committee
b. Determining whether the patient is sufficiently competent to make their own decision
c. Deciding which alternative course of action would benefit the patient to the maximum degree
d. Evaluating whether society benefits from the patient’s decision
e. Comparing your religious views to the patient’s religious views

Answer 22

b. Determining whether the patient is sufficiently competent to make their own decision

Question 23

When alternative choices of an ethical decision are considered, predict the outcome, and select the alternative that produces the best for society (which may or may not be the most beneficial to the patient). This step is consistent with which ethical decision making framework?

Select one:
a. Utilitarian (consequentialist) reasoning
b. Deontological (idealist) reasoning
c. The Oath of the Pharmacist
d. The Hippocratic oath

Answer 23

a. Utilitarian (consequentialist) reasoning

Question 24

The best example of a situation where it may be ethical to violate the principle of veracity is:

Select one:
a. The hospital physician needs you to help to cover-up a mistake to protect the hospital and themselves against a lawsuit.
b. A patient is texting while you are describing a medication’s side effects and you have five customers waiting.
c. A group of prescribers are using higher cost drugs than necessary because of the pharmaceutical company’s free lunches.
d. The patient’s family asks you not to tell the patient about a very rare but serious side effect because he may be afraid to take it.

Answer 24

d. The patient’s family asks you not to tell the patient about a very rare but serious side effect because he may be afraid to take it.