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3rd yr- CSB- Endodontics > Review of Endodontic Principles > Flashcards

Review of Endodontic Principles Flashcards

1
Q

What is endodontoogy?

A

Endodontology is concerned with the study of the form, function and health of, injuries to and diseases of the dental pulp and periradicular region, their prevention and treatment; the principal disease being apical periodontitis, caused by infection

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2
Q

What causes endodontic disease?

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

Who presented he research to prove tat bacteria causes Endodontic diseases

A

Kakehashi

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4
Q

What are the three key features needed for disease to occur?

A
  1. Micro organisms
  2. Host
  3. Time
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5
Q

Why is studying endodontic microbiology important?

A

Can hep identity which bacteria is playing a key role in progression of the disease
This canhelpwiith treatment planning as we can get rid of the harmful bacteria

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6
Q

Do we only remove/kill the harmful bacteria when carrying out root Canal treatment?

A

No we try and remove all the bacteria in the root canal

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7
Q

Is the distribution of bacteria in the root canal even?

A

No
Theres more aerobic bacteria found near the apex of the canal
More bacteria in general is found in the coronal third as that is where the most nutrients are found

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8
Q

Name the 2 different types of bacteria systems found in eat root canal

A
  1. Planktonic

2. Bioflm

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9
Q

What are planktonic bacteria|?

A

They are free floating

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10
Q

Which of the 2 bacterial systems is easier to remove?

A

Planktonic bacteria

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11
Q

What is a plaque biofilm?

A

An aggregation of micro organisms growing a solid substrate

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12
Q

Describe plaque biofilms found in the root canal

A

They are a complex community made-up of a lot of different bacteria
Their xtra cellular matrix is made up of thick dense polymeric substances which is hard to remove

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13
Q

How are biofilms resistance to eradication

A

1, Physical barrier- poor anti microbial penetration and sequester cells from host immune cells

  1. It is difficult to remove mechanically
  2. In a biofilm there is a transfer of genes which can increase virulence factors and resistance
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14
Q

What is Endodontology clinically?

A

It is the diagnosis and management of:

  1. Pulpal disease
  2. Periapical disease
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15
Q

What is the biggest problem we encounter when trying to diagnose endodontic disease

A

We are reliant on patients description of the symptoms (we can’t seethe disease until we start treatment)
Theres a poor correlation between symptoms and histological status of ethnic pulp

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16
Q

Which nemonic do we use to help us diagnose endodontic disease

A

SOCRATES

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17
Q

Go through SOCRATES

A 
Site
Onset
Characteristic 
Radiation
Alleviating factors
Time
Exacerbating factors
Severity
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18
Q

After taking a pain history what else can we use to help us reach a diagnosis?

A
  1. We can use sensitivity tests and radiographs

2. Also look at soft tissues looking for palpations, swelling and sinus

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19
Q

What is the problem with using radiographs to diagnose Endodontic disease?

A

Until the critical plate has been lost the lesion may not be visible with conventional radiography

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20
Q

What new technique has Coe out to overcome the problem of a tick cortical bone obstructing our view of a lesion

A

Contemporary CBCT imaging technology can overcome the problem as it takes 75microns slices of the entire area

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21
Q

What are the problems associated with CBCT

A

It is a higher dose than normal radiographs so must consider dose and benefits

22
Q

When looking at the tooth before reaching a diagnosis what do we look at?

A

Palpation
Percussion (GENTLE)
Mobility

23
Q

What problems can arise wen we do special sensitivity tests?

A

Need to be wary of multi rooted test as they can give false positives

24
Q

What do we have to put-on before starting rot canal treatment

A

RUBBER DAM

25
Q

Why is putting rubber dam important

A
  1. Makes it easier for you to treat them clinically
  2. Important from a medico legal standpoint
  3. Makes treatment more efficient
26
Q

What di we use t chemo-mechanically prep the can

A

Instruments are suited to shape the canal

Irrigants are use to clean

27
Q

What is the aim of chemo mechanically prepare the canal

A

Aiming to produce a shape that optimises irrigation and simplifies obturation

28
Q

List Schilder’s design objectives

A
  1. Continuously tapering funnel from the apex to the access cavity
  2. Cross sectional diameter should be narrower at every point apically
  3. The root canal preparation should Flo with the shape of the original canal
  4. The apical foramen should remain in its original position and be kept as small as possible
29
Q

Why is it important that the apical foramen raisin in the sam potion and is as small as possible before an after RCT

A

Because when you are irrigate and obturate you don’t want exudate to leak out of the canal

30
Q

List schuldet’s BIOLOGICAL objectives

A
  1. Don’t force necrotic debris beyond the foramen
  2. Use all the instruments to share the roots themselves
  3. Remove all of the tissue from the root canal space
  4. Try and create a sufficient space for intra canal medicaments
31
Q

At the end of preparing your canal what do you want to achieve?

A

A canal that cane irrigated and obdurated properly

MAKE SURE TO LEAVE SOME TOOTH to avoid breakage

32
Q

What is the problem associated with under preparing the canal?

A

Irrigation fluid and needle will not be able to get through and clean the whole canal system

33
Q

Name the two different types contemporary instrumentation techniques

A

Hand

Automated

34
Q

When you are preparing the canals what is the first thing you try to do?

A

Coronal flare always first

35
Q

Name the preparation technique we can use when using hand instruments

A
  1. Step back

2. Modified double flare `

36
Q

Which of the two instrumentation technique is more favoured?

A

Automated as its safer, efficient and quicker

37
Q

On clinics how are we going to use hand instruments|

A
  1. For scouting

2. Patency filing

38
Q

What is Patency filing?

A

Passing a small file 1mm through the apex to help remove derives and aid irritant flow

39
Q

Name the 2 ways we can manipulate hand instruments

A
  1. Balanced force

2. Stem winding

40
Q

Nam the 2types of automated instruments

A
  1. Rotary

2. Reciprocation

41
Q

What are rotary instruments

A

Instruments that Constantly rotate in one direction

42
Q

What are reciprocation instruments

A

Instruments that Rotate in one direction then the opposite then the original etc

43
Q

Which metal makes up hand instruments?

A

Stainless steel

44
Q

What automated instruments made up of?

A

Nickel titanium

45
Q

What is the main difference between nickel titanium and stainless steel

A

Nickel titanium is significantly more flexible than stainless steel

46
Q

Name the 2 ways flew can fracture

A
  1. Torsional fracture

2. Cyclic fracture

47
Q

What is a torsional fracture?

A

When you apply too much pressure to the file and it breaks

48
Q

What is a cyclic fracture

A

Multiple cycles of compression can cause the file to fracture at the point of fracture

49
Q

How can we avoid problems when suing automated instruments

A

1, Consider both angle androids of curvature

  1. Use thinner files
  2. Always keep the canal moving in the canal
  3. Dont force engagement of files
50
Q

Are thick files more likely to fracture or thin? why ?

A

Thicker files more likely to fracture due to cyclic fatigue in curved canals

3rd yr- CSB- Endodontics (5 decks)

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