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SAT Chemistry > Review Material > Flashcards

Review Material Flashcards

1
Q

Unit for luminous intensity

A

Candela

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2
Q

Who discovered the atomic numbers of elements through the use of X-Rays?

A

Henry Moseley

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3
Q

What element has the most stable of isotopes, 10?

A

Tin

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4
Q

What a emissions occur when an electron cascades down to n=1 and emits UV radiation?

A

Lyman Series

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5
Q

What emissions occur when electrons cascade down to n=2 and emit visible light?

A

Balmer series

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6
Q

What emissions occur when electrons cascade down to n=3 and emit infrared radiation?

A

Paschen Series

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7
Q

What principal dictates the use of mass spectroscopy?

A

Differences in mass cause the differences in the degree of bending of a beam of ions passing through a magnetic field.

Light isotopes/ions bend the most.

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8
Q

What is the wave mechanical model of the atom?

A

A model that treats electrons bound to the nucleus like standing waves and makes orbitals

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9
Q

How is oxygen prepared?

A

Heating KClO3 and letting it decompose with a MnO2 catalyst

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10
Q

How is hydrogen prepared?

A

Single Replacement or Electrolysis

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11
Q

What is indicated by the level inside a eudiometer tube being higher than the level outside the tube?

A

The pressure inside the tube is less than the outside pressure by the the height of fluid in excess.

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12
Q

What is indicated when the level inside a eudiometer is lower than the level outside?

A

The outside pressure is lower than the inside pressure by the difference in levels.

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13
Q

What factor is multiplied to water levels in a eudiometer to convert it to millimeters of mercury?

A

1/13.6 since Mercury is 13.6 times a heavy as water

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14
Q

What happens to viscosity as the intermolecular forces in a liquid increase?

A

Viscosity increases

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15
Q

What happens when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure?

A

Boiling

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16
Q

What causes sublimation?

A

Unusually high vapor pressure

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17
Q

What is the minimum pressure In order to liquefy a gas?

A

Critical pressure

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18
Q

What is the minimum temperature at which a liquid can be vaporized?

A

Critical temperature

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19
Q

What substances can distillation remove from water?

A

Anything with a boiling point higher than water’s

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20
Q

Why is 4 degrees the water’s highest density?

A

The expansion due to added heat and attraction due to hydrogen bonds are balanced

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21
Q

Are hydroxides soluble?

A

No except for Alkali metals, NH4+, Ca, Ba, and Sr

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22
Q

Are silicates SiO4 2- soluble?

A

No except for Group 1

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23
Q

Are sulfites SO3 soluble?

A

No except for Group 1

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24
Q

Are carbonates soluble?

A

No except for Group 1

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25
Q

Are chromates CrO4 soluble?

A

No except for Group 1

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26
Q

Are phosphates PO4 soluble?

A

No except for Group 1 and NH4+

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27
Q

Are sulfides S soluble?

A

No except for Group 1, NH4+, and Group 2

28
Q

Are sulfates SO4 soluble?

A

Yes except Pb, Ba, Sr, Ca, Hg2 2+

NOTE: Hg 2+, Ag+, and Ca are moderately soluble

29
Q

Are nitrates soluble?

30
Q

Are acetates soluble?

31
Q

Are chlorides soluble?

A

Yes except for Ag, Pb, Hg2 2+

32
Q

Are bromides soluble?

A

Yes except for Ag, Pb, Hg2 2+

33
Q

Are iodides soluble?

A

Yes except for Ag, Pb, Hg2 2+

34
Q

What effect does temperature have on gas solubility?

A

As temperature increases, solubility decreases

35
Q

What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics say?

A

The entropy of the universe increases for any spontaneous process.

36
Q

What is produced when acids react with carbonates?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

37
Q

What is made in soaps?

A

Base and lipids

38
Q

What is the color change and pH range of methyl orange?

A

3.1-4.4

Red-Yellow

39
Q

What is the pH range and color change of phenolphthalein?

A

8.3-10.0

Colorless-pink

40
Q

What happens when using single replacement reactions to prepare salts?

A

Active meta replaces a hydrogen in an acid

41
Q

What happens when a double replacement reaction is used to prepare a salt?

A

Mixing 2 soluble salts makes an insoluble one

42
Q

What do you call salts made out of the bisulfate ion?

A

Acid Salts

43
Q

What is the name for sulfate salts made out of the sulfate ion?

A

Normal salts

44
Q

What are the uses for sulfuric acid?

A

Oxidizing Agent and Dehydrating agent for carbs

45
Q

What is the color of ZnS?

46
Q

What is the color of CdS?

A

Bright Yellow

47
Q

What is the color of As2S3?

A

Lemon Yellow

48
Q

What is the color of Sb2S3?

49
Q

What is the color of CuS?

50
Q

What is the color of HgS?

51
Q

What is the color of PbS?

A

Brown-Black

52
Q

How does concentrated nitric acid react with copper?

A

Cu + 4HNO3 –) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

53
Q

What is the reaction between diluted nitric acid and copper?

A

3Cu + 8HNO3 –) 3Cu(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO

NO immediately oxidized in air into NO2

54
Q

What is the flame test color of sodium?

55
Q

What is the flame test color of potassium?

A

Violet(use cobalt blue glass to screen out Na impurities)

56
Q

What is the flame test color of indium

57
Q

What is the flame test color of calcium?

A

Orange-Red

58
Q

What is the flame test color of barium?

59
Q

What is the flame test color of strontium?

A

Bright red

60
Q

What is the most active halogen?

60
Q

How do you solve for delta G

A

Standard delta G + RTln(K)

60
Q

What are characteristics of weak bases?

A

Low solubility

React with water to become a base

61
Q

What is the general rule for choosing an indicator?

A

1/10th rule

pH = pKa +- 1 in order to see color change

62
Q

How doe you determine whether a compound will precipitate?

A

Q > Ksp means precipitation

Q

63
Q

What is the coordination number?

A

The number of ligands attached (Water, ammonia, cyanide, chloride)

Usually 6,4, or 2

SAT Chemistry (1 decks)

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