review lymphatic

Question 1

characteristic of lymphatic system

Answer 1

• network of vessel assist in circulating body fluids.
• transport excess fluids away from interstitial space and return them to the blood stream
• fluid absorbed passes through at least one lymph node
• Osmotic pressure increases as the protein accumulate that forces fluid, protein and foreign matter into lymphatic capillaries.
• muscular contraction and pressure from breathing also force lymph flow in one way valves

Question 2

Consists of Lymphatic system?

Answer 2

• Fluid called lymph
• lymphatic vessel that transport lymph
• structures and organs contain lymphatic: tonsils, thymus gland and spleen

Question 3

Lymphatic pathway

Answer 3

From lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to collecting ducts in thorax

Question 4

consist of lymphatic capillaries?

Answer 4

squamous epithelial and tissue fluid called lymph

Question 5

right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

Answer 5

• right lymphatic duct drain lymph from the upper right side of the body
• thoracic duct drains lymph from the rest of the body

Question 6

structure of lymph nodes

Answer 6

oval bean shape, also trap cancer cells and slow the spread until overwhelmed

Question 7

what is lymphocytes?

Answer 7

kill any pathogens that may present

Question 8

how many lymph node regions?

Answer 8

cervical, axillary, underarm, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, inguinal, supratrochlear and popliteal

Question 9

indication of melanoma

Answer 9

• evaluation of intermediate stage
• identification of sentinel lymph node for surgical
• assistance for sentinel node biopsy

Question 10

Rp and dose for melanoma

Answer 10

• Tc99m-SC filtered 0.22 um filter
• dose 0.5-1 mCi inject intradermal
• divide 4-8 syringes with mostly 4 injections volume 0.1 ml each

Question 11

acquisition melanoma

Answer 11

• 30 sec/frame for 30-60 minutes
• static images every 5min with 5-10 min/view obtained 1 hour or until the sentinel node is identified

Question 12

acquisition breast

Answer 12

anterior with arms above head
start image immediately
static imaging at 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min with 10-15 min/view
dynamic imaging 30sec/fram fro 2-30 min
if no migration seen after 15min, massage injection site

Question 13

What is blue dye?

Answer 13

used to detect the sentinel node

Question 14

indication for lymphangiography

Answer 14

• evaluation of primary and secondary lymphodema
• demonstrate the flow of lymph from the injection site through the draining lymphatics

Question 15

primary lymphedema

Answer 15

commonly caused by the removal or damage to the lymph nodes as a part of cancer treatment

Question 16

secondary lymphedema

Answer 16

caused by a malignant tumor obstructing lymph flow, a traumatic injury, blockage, and build up fluid

Question 17

Rp dose, patient pro and acquisition protocol for lymphangioscintigraphy

Answer 17

0.5 mCi 99mTc-SC.
Remove TED hose/binding 3-4hrs before inject
WB 15cm/min at 10-30 min post inj
static 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60
If leg include both extremities pelvic and abdomen
If arms both upper extermities and chest
additional images can be done