review for quiz 1

Question 1

2 Subsytems

Answer 1

1. Fire/Overheat Detection & Warning
2. Fire Extinguishing

Question 2

3 Types of Fire/Overheat Detection & Warning

Answer 2

1. Unit Spot Type
2. Continuous Loop/ Firewire
3. Smoke Detection

Question 3

2 Types of Fire Warning

Answer 3

1. Bell
2. Light Indicator

Question 4

2 Types of Continuous Loop

Answer 4

1. Dual Loop
2. Pressure Type

Question 5

3 Fire Zones

Answer 5

1. Fireproof Bulkheads
2. Engine Fire Prevention
3. Cockpit & Cabin Interiors

Question 6

4 Types of Smoke Detectors

Answer 6

1. Carbon Monoxide Detector
2. Photoelectric Detector
3. Ionisation Type
4. Flame Detector

Question 7

is the most dangerous threat to the safety of an a/c.

Answer 7

Fire

Question 8

Fire Protection System will include as many as possible of the ff. features:

Answer 8

•Rapid warning of fire/overheat & its accurate location
•Must not cause false warnings
•Continuous warning for duration of fire/overheat
•Confirmation that the fire has been extinguishing
•Indication that the fire has re-ignited
•A means of testing the system from the flight deck
•Detectors that arw proof against oil, water, vibration & high temp.
•Detectors that are easily accesible throughout the a/c
•Detectors & extinguishers hot wired electrically or powered from emer. electrical buses
•Aduquate visual & aural indication on the flight deck & vital areas on the a/c
•Separate warnings for each engine & specific areas as determined by the a/c manufacturers

Question 9

are used mainly to detect high temp. leaks from bleed air ducts amd normally positioned at pipe connections.

Answer 9

Unit Spot Type / Spot Detectors

Question 10

This type is fitted at various strategic pts w/in the fire/overheat zone and takes the form of a thermally activated switch.

Answer 10

Unit Spot Type/ Spot Detector

Question 11

They are electrically connected in parallel with each other and in series with the audio/visual warning system.

Answer 11

Unit Spot Type/ Spot Detector

Question 12

This arrangent allows any switch to operate the warning, even if other switches have failed in the remainder of the system.

Answer 12

Unit Spot Type/ Spot Detector

Question 13

This method permits more complete coverage of a fire hazard area than any type of spot-type of temperature detectors.

Answer 13

Continuous Loop (Fire Wire) Detectors

Question 14

The continuous loop uses the principle of capacitance and resistance to indicate a rise in temperature at any point along the length of the detector loop.

Answer 14

Continuous Loop (Fire Wire) Detectors

Question 15

The commonest type has a stainless steel or Inconel outer tube, an inner pure nickel wire surrounded by ceramic beads wetted by eutectic salt.

Answer 15

Continuous Loop (Fire Wire) Detectors

Question 16

The effect of this design is that a rise in temperature causes a sharp fall in electrical resistance, as well as a rise in capacitance.

Answer 16

Continuous Loop (Fire Wire) Detectors

Question 17

Most aircraft use the dual loop system of indication.

Answer 17

Dual Loop System

Question 18

e Each sensing circuit has dual sensing loops.

Each Loop A and Loop B is independent of each other.

Answer 18

Dual Loop System

Question 19

When the loop selector switch is set to BOTH, both loops must detect a fire condition before the warning system is activated.

Answer 19

Dual Loop System

Question 20

If only onc loop detects a fire, the associated loop fault light will illuminate. If the selector is switched to a single loop (A or B) full fire warnings will activate if the selected loop senses a fire condition.

Answer 20

Dual Loop System

Question 21

Pressing the loop test button simulates a fire condition on the respective loop.

Answer 21

Dual Loop System

Question 22

This is done by earthing the inner electrode of the loop that functionally checks the system and checks the continuity of the loop.

Answer 22

Dual Loop System

Question 23

The pressure type detection system uses a continuous loop for the detection element.

Answer 23

Pressure-Type Sensor

Question 23

This loop is made from sealed stainless steel tube that contains an element that absorbs gas when it is cold but releases the gas when it is heated,

Answer 23

Pressure-Type Sensor

Question 24

This tube is connected to a pressure switch that will close when the -pressure reaches a pre-determined level.

Answer 24

Pressure-Type Sensor

Question 25

The commonest make of this type of system is the Systron-Donner system which uses a centre titanium centre wire and the expansion of both helium and hydrogen gas to give the two-stage warnings.

Answer 25

Pressure-Type Sensor

Question 26

These prevent fire from spreading to other areas. Auxiliary power units and tail mounted engines are normally contained within such bulkhead compartments separating them from the rest of the airframe.

Answer 26

Fireproof Bulkheads

Question 27

The (?) also contain a firewall to separate the — engine from the wing.

Answer 27

engine pylons

Question 28

These are made from titanium br stainless steel and all joints are sealed with fireproof sealants.

Answer 28

Fireproof Bulkheads

Question 29

There area number of techniques used to help prevent a fire occurring around engines. These are, the use of flameproof or flame resistant materials, use of bonding strips to prevent arcing, drainage of spilt fuel/oil and efficient cooling.

Answer 29

Engine Fire Prevention

Question 30

All pipes which carry fuel, oil or hydraulic fluids are made (?) and all electrical components and connections are made (?).

Answer 30

1. fire resistant 2. flame proof

Question 31

It is essential that a fire staring in any zone is contained within that zone and is not allowed to spread to any other part of the aircraft.

Answer 31

Fireproof Bulkheads

Question 32

The engine cowlings form a natural container but they are usually made from (?) and would not contain a ground fire for long.

Answer 32

light alloy

Question 33

In flight however (?) through the cowlings, provide sufficient cooling to render the cowlings fireproof.

Answer 33

cooling airflow’s

Question 34

The fireproof bulkheads and any cowling' that has no cooling airflow are usually made from (?).

Answer 34

titanium or stainless steel

Question 35

All wool, cotton and synthetic fabrics used in interior trim are treated to render them flame resistant.

Answer 35

Cockpit and Cabin Interiors

Question 36

(?) conducted have shown that whilst the foam used in seat cushions is flammable, if covered with a flame-resistant fabric, there is little danger of fire from accidental contact with a cigarette, for example.

Answer 36

Tests

Question 37

Fire protection for the aircraft interior is usually provided by (?).

Answer 37

hand-held extinguishers

Question 38

Various types extinguishers are available including, (?). Each type is best used on one kind of fire but may be used on other kinds.

Answer 38

Water, CO, and Dry Powder

Question 39

On light aircraft, the only Protection against fire is a (?), dividing the engine bay from the cabin and the rest of the aircraft.

Answer 39

stainless steel or titanium bulkhead (firewall)

Question 40

Larger aircraft have the complete (?) isolated from the airframe/wing assemblies and. in addition, aircraft cowlings can be divided into a number of ‘fire zones’, each one usually having its own warning and extinguishing system.

Answer 40

engine cowlings

Question 41

The example has four zones around the engine that only (?) have firewires and extinguishing.

Answer 41

two

Question 42

Engines are usually split into (?).

Answer 42

Hot And Cool Zones

Question 43

The hot zone comprises the (?).

Answer 43

combustion chamber, turbines and exhaust areas

Question 44

the cool zone comprises the (?).

Answer 44

intake, compressors and accessory drives

Question 45

A (?) monitors certain areas of the aircraft for the presence of smoke, which is could be indicative of a fire condition.

Answer 45

SMOKE DETECTION/ DETECTORS

Question 46

These may include cargo and baggage compartments and the toilets of transport category aircraft.

Answer 46

SMOKE DETECTION/ DETECTORS

Question 47

A (?) is used where the type of fire anticipated is expected to generate a substantial amount of smoke before temperature changes are sufficient to actuate a heat/fire detection system.

Answer 47

SMOKE DETECTION/ DETECTORS

Question 48

The presence of (?), is dangerous to flight crew and passengers alike and may indicate a fire condition as it is a by-product of combustion.

Answer 48

Carbon Monoxide (CO), or Nitrous Oxides (N,O)

Question 49

Detection of the presence of either or both of these gases could be the earliest warning of a possible dangerous situation.

Answer 49

Carbon Monoxide Detector

Question 50

is very dangerous, firstly due to the minute amount required to cause loss of attention and headaches; (this is approximately 2 parts in 10,000). It is colourless, ocdlourless, tasteless and a non-irritant.

Answer 50

Carbon Monoxide

Question 51

The detector is usually a (?) with a transparent pocket containing (?) that have been treated with a chemical, which changes colour to green or black when they are exposed to carbon monoxide.

Answer 51

small card silica fel crystals

Question 52

(?) are usually used in cabin and cockpit areas.

Answer 52

Carbon Monoxide detectors

Question 53

Air from the monitored compartment is drawn through the detector chamber and a light beam is shone on it.

Answer 53

Photoelectric Smoke Detectors

Question 54

A photoelectric cell installed in the chamber senses the (?) that is refracted by the smoke particles.

Answer 54

light

Question 55

The photocell is installed in a (?) that measures any changes, in the amount of current that it‘ conducts.

Answer 55

bridge circuit

Question 56

A small amount of radioactive material is mounted on the side of the detector chamber.

Answer 56

Ionisation Type Smoke Detector

Question 57

This material bombards the oxygen and nitrogen molecules in the air flowing through the chamber and ionises it to the extent that a reference current can flow across the chamber through the ionised gas to an external circuit.

Answer 57

Ionisation Type Smoke Detector

Question 58

Smoke flowing through the chamber changes the level of ionisation and decreases the current. When the current reduces to a specific level the external circuit initiates a smoke warning signal.

Answer 58

Ionisation Type Smoke Detector

Question 59

This system uses a photoelectric cell to detect a sharp rise in light, such as that from a flame in a closed bay.

Answer 59

Flame Detectors